Jump start (vehicle)

Startup Repair is the process starting an internal combustion engine in case of failure of one's own starter battery.

In general, " jump start " reduced to the starting of engines in motor vehicles, but also in Boat and aircraft engines, railway vehicles, in mobile and stationary equipment with motor drives as well as in model starting aid is applied.

• 2.1 jump start by pushing
• 2.2 jump start by towing
• 2.3 jumpstart by chemical aids

Jumpstart via jumper cables

No longer produces the starter battery enough power to start an internal combustion engine with an electric starter with sufficient speed, then an external power source can be used, provided it has the same nominal voltage and can provide sufficient power. The occasion problem should (only ) be due to the low charge level in the battery actually, since other sources of error remain after the start and eventually can lead to engine damage or critical situations in traffic.

Jumper cables

The external power source (usually a Helping other car) is by means of a jumper cable (also called " starter cable " or " cable " called ) in order to forward the stream to the receiver connected vehicle.

A jumper cable consists of two insulated electrical wires that complete on both sides with a large terminal clamp.

To clearly distinguish the lines are executed in different colors in red and black. Usually the red wire for the positive pole, which provided black for the negative and sometimes marked on the terminal clamps. Swap is harmless then, as long as it is done on both sides.

Special forms are possible ( such as military ) with Stecker-/Buchse-System and combined lines. It may be used ( ² aluminum at least 16 mm ² copper or 25 mm) cable appropriate cross section.

The cable cross section depends roughly on the engine size, more precisely on the required cold cranking amps (amps) to the starter. As a benchmark the called on the exhausted battery value can be used.

Cable with a larger cross-section are generally also suitable for weaker engines.

For motors from 2,000 cc and diesel engine (the engine does here in addition to be preheated in relation to Anlasstrom small currents ) are recommended cable with a cross section of 25 mm ² copper or 40 mm ² aluminum. A particularly large engine capacity and diesel engines with more than 3,000 cc require cable 35 mm ² copper or 55 mm ² aluminum.

In particular, in cases of gross disproportion of the external power source to the receiver battery, or too weak, jumper cables, the 15 to 30 minute pre-charging of the depleted battery is recommended. If the donation of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine, the running Let recommends idling, so the alternator can mitladen the exhausted battery.

The longer the cable is, the higher must be - on account of the electric resistance - be the cross-section. A large cable cross section also reduces the risk of overheating.

Road vehicles 2006-08, - 60 V and 600 V single-core connecting cables - Dimensions, test methods and: -: For jumper cables the DIN is 72553 ( output dimensions, requirements, testing 1994-04, jumper cables for road vehicles with internal combustion engine) and ISO 6722 ( edition requirements).

Support from my donor vehicle

In the description, the following terminology applies:

• Receiver: not bootable vehicle with a discharged starter battery.
• Donor vehicle: bootable vehicle with charged battery.

Here are the operating instructions of the donor and recipient are to be observed and to observe the instructions, as some vehicles in the engine room have their own connections used for emergency starting, the battery but, for example, is located in the trunk.

On older vehicles, the battery of the vehicle, helping to be closed off immediately after a successful start. On newer vehicles, however, the battery should be allowed (min 10-15) clamped for some time. This is especially important for deep discharged batteries. These initially take on only little electricity and have a high internal resistance. This can lead to overvoltage which can now be subdued only by the battery of the vehicle by helping the charge regulator of the alternator. Specifically, the motor controller is sensitive to tension and may be damaged. Accordingly, a strong consumer should be turned on in order to avoid voltage peaks.

The order that only the red wire (positive) and then the black cable (minus) is installed, security relevant. Would first set the black cable, all metal parts of the donor vehicle and receivers would be conductively connected to each other. Touches the red wire now accidentally a metal part while it is already connected to a battery on one side, causes an electrical short circuit. Is the black wire is not installed, this can not happen. Both batteries must remain electrically connected to the respective vehicles / systems: an interruption may lead to destroying the alternator rectifier.

Another way of starting aid make special cable to connect the cars via the cigarette lighter sockets dar. time, since the current is limited by the relatively thin cable cross sections and fuses the cigarette lighter (usually 10 to 20 A), the recipient vehicle, however, can not by be started directly. After about ten minutes, the receiver battery should have been charged, however, sufficient to start the engine itself can again. However, depending on the charge state of the receiver battery, this process may take some more time. This type of battery operates only when the receiver is connected through the vehicle 's cigarette even if the ignition is off to the circuit.

Alternative electrical starting aid

• There are also chargers that included a starter battery, often referred to as "Power Pack". These can also be used to jump start. Do this, they must be powered from AC power until they are used.
• Especially for vehicles that operate in uninhabited or dangerous territory, there are built- secondary batteries with a special charging circuit. The latter ensures that the secondary battery is charging with the engine running and this does not load the primary battery. Further, it can be used for any purpose other than to start the vehicle with a depleted primary battery.
• Workshops or service companies often work with large starter batteries, sometimes several in parallel, which are more or less brought to the mobile receiver to enter start. These batteries must be powered on a charger when not in use also.
• The battery disconnect relay terminals are used for separation on vehicles with dual battery. Some electronic battery disconnect relays have a " self - start" function.

Other techniques for motor vehicles

Jump start by pushing

→ Main article pushing

Pushing is only usually possible when the broken-down car has a manual transmission or an automatic transmission. Vehicles with automatic transmission can only push or tow-start when the transmission has a secondary oil pump. Is a prerequisite for success pushing, or Anschleppens that the battery is still at least can provide the ignition and the ignition and fuel supply is ok. Even with diesel engines, the battery must be able to open the fuel valve.

The ignition key is placed in ignition position and disengaged the steering wheel lock. One or more persons get the car going. At approximately twice the pace is engaged in second or third gear short, given some gas and disengaged immediately. Then keep the engine at medium speed on the gas, to recharge the battery through the engine and alternator. Vehicles with catalytic converter may only be pushed when the catalyst is cold. Otherwise you can get into the hot vehicle catalytic converter and damage it unburned fuel.

Motorcycles with larger engines need to be inserted in third gear, otherwise the rear wheel is braked too strongly and blocked. Before pushing the bike and is engaged with a gear engaged briefly pushed backward to remove all games from the drive train. Only then disengage and push. Thus, the load builds up slowly in the drive train and does not go the same " block "; shortly before releasing the clutch lever, it is further necessary to relieve the bar so that more weight presses on the rear wheel.

Jumpstart by towing

For this, the towing vessel and the towing vessel to be connected with a rope or a tow bar. To the ignition of the towing vehicle is turned on. Now is dragged gently as possible without jerk ( the rope ). Or third in trucks - - gear to use, engage in short, disengage the clutch at the start, give gas and possibly slow down and the driver of the towing vehicle by a short horn signal that the start attempt succeeded purpose, the second is. This method also works in a fully discharged battery when the car at medium speed (30 km / h) for a short distance is dragged in second gear because the alternator of the towed vehicle then reloads and can provide starting voltage. For this purpose, the ignition must be turned on.

Vehicles with spring brake (eg trucks) can only be dragged when still pressure in the air pressure brake system to release the parking brake. There are usually in trucks, however, the possibility to mitversorgen the braking system of the towing vehicle to the anschleppenden vehicle ( connect the red hose couplings by matching ). When towing applies just as in pushing that vehicles with catalyst may only be towed if the engine does not start only by a discharged battery, that is, the ignition system must be fully functional. Otherwise, enter the catalytic converter and damage it unburned fuel.

Jumpstart by chemical aids

By spraying start pilot into the intake, you can bring a reluctant start gasoline engine to run, assuming that the starter works. Most effective is an application behind the air filter. Also brake cleaner is used.