Karl Rudolphi

Karl Asmund Rudolphi ( born June 14, 1771 in Stockholm, † November 29, 1832 in Berlin) was a German naturalist, botanist and zoologist Swedish descent. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Rudolphi ".

Life

Karl Asmund Rudolphi was the son of originating from Magdeburg Conrector the German school in Stockholm and preacher Johann Daniel Bernhard Rudolphi († 1778). His mother, Elenora Catherine Margareta Elisabeth of Thienen († 1802), daughter of a merchant, came from Stralsund. K. A. Rudolphi visited the Sundische high school in the St. Catherine's Monastery in Stralsund. Stralsund was at this time under strong Swedish influence. Rudolphi 1790 began with the study of the natural sciences and medicine at the University of Greifswald founded 1456 Pomeranian in Swedish Pomerania. He attended lectures of the surgeon Lorenz Wilhelm von Costanosellari (1764-1844) and science for Christian Ehrenfried Weigel ( 1748-1831 ). In 1793 he received his doctorate of philosophy to be able to attain a prerequisite to Greifswald in the medical doctoral, dissertation topic Observationes about vermes intestinal. This is followed by study at medical schools in Jena, where lectures by Christoph William hoof (1762-1836) and in Berlin. He emigrated in 1795 botanizing walk to Dresden, Karlovy Vary, Erlangen, Fulda, Göttingen and the Harz Mountains. Rudolphi was from 1794 a member of the St. John's Masonic Lodge. For Doctor of Medicine he received his doctorate in 1795, it was extended dissertation of the first theme Observationes about vermes intestinal ( pars II). The venia legendi for the subjects of anatomy, physiology and therapy applied Rudolphi on April 5, 1796 after he defended his habilitation De ventriculis cerebri before the Medical Faculty. In 1797 he received the venia legendi at the University of Greifswald. Karl Asmund Rudolphi 1797 married Friederike Elonore Wilhelmini, but died in 1801. With her he had two daughters, Julia Agnes Rudolphi and Emilie Theresa Rudolphi. In 1802 he again took an extended study trip through Germany, Holland, France, Switzerland and Austria, he attended Botanical Gardens as well as natural history collections and veterinary hospitals. His work on the " Anatomy of Plants" (1807 ), in which he detailed the structure and function of the stomata and the cellular tissue detail has been honored by the Göttingen Society of Sciences.

In 1802 he married again. His second wife Charlotte Wilhelmine was the eldest daughter of the Greifswald mayor Siegfried Joachim Meyer ( 1751-1833 ). Both had three daughters and a son. The daughters died early, the son Karl Eduard Rudolphi also later worked as a doctor. At the newly established Veterinary Institute in Greifswald was K. A. Rudolphi 1801 Professor ( 1808 ord. Professor of anatomy) and received the appointment as an associate judge of the health college. The calls to St. Petersburg and Uppsala he had refused, but he was followed by the 1810 appointment to the chair of anatomy and physiology at the newly founded University of Berlin. It was preceded by a recommendation of Wilhelm von Humboldt. K. A. Rudolphi taught anatomy, botany and zoology, was also the director of the anatomical- zootomischen museum, which he ultimately made ​​to a respected research institute. From 1816 he was also a teacher at the medical-surgical royally. Friedrich- Wilhelm -Institut and at the Military Academy and a member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences.

In February 1820, he wrote several letters to the Minister Karl vom Stein zum Alten stone to cover the promised iron advance for the operating budget of the moderately non-fixed expenditures. However, the expected success was not, then K. A. Rudolphi decided to lay down the line of his museum. The letter of 10 March 1820 in an abridged version, also illuminate the height of his salary:

" Your Honor, I would ask respectfully that the enclosed letter, in which I stand to another position as director of the anatomical theater and museum, or to my dismissal as director please, a High Ministry to Hand Over. ( ... ) All my colleagues in more pleasant conditions. White and Lichtenstein live with their museums, which is priceless and can not be remedied by any location. The mine is also only half as much as I give for my apartment. Your calculations are simple, link, Berend, Grafe did not perform. I must reckon constantly and am always in advance, so that I often even money again must borrow. Meckel in Hall receives an annual sum to entertain his cabinet, and of course has no calculation, and after his death, is his cabinet for his family an important asset. (...) I 'm also in a different way at a disadvantage. As I was here called, I went to act without in the least to the level of 1500 Th [ alern ] here, although I had just lined with 3000 Th [ alern ], just because I can little afford much here in Upsala hoped. When I came here, my salary was distributed to university and academy, which I forfeited 200 Th [ aler ], because all the professors who are counted among academics ( Boeckh, Rühs, Wilken, etc.) were given to their salary as much extra than academics. I, although appointed as a university teacher with 1500 Th [ alern ], can not make a claim on it. (...) "

The Minister Karl Freiherr vom Stein to the Old Stone came the request to resign from the leadership of his museum, not after and asked K. A. Rudolphi, continued to worry about the previous issues, but he gave him all possible facilities to the guide. The Ministry also increased him the "iron advance " on 400 Thaler, and pointed him to the opportunity to live in an official residence on the campus, although at that time there was still no way. Converted to 1000 dollars are at this time, from 1819 to 1838, to accept with about 16,000 €.

His son was the physiologist January Evangelista Purkyně. He married in 1827 Julia Rudolphi ( 1800-1835 ).

He was rector of the University of Berlin in the University between 1813 and 1814 and from 1824 to 1825, it had the following membership: . Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences; Society for Nature and Medicine in Berlin; Member of the Imperial Leopoldinisch - Carolinischen Academy of Sciences; Scientific Deputation for the Medzinalwesen

Scientific performance

Even in Greifswald he delivered the key, his reputation is founded, particularly work on intestinal worms and plant anatomy.

Later he dealt only with the anatomy of vertebrates. In Berlin, he gave to the study of comparative anatomy a powerful impulse and founded the Zootomische Museum, which spawned the Museum of Natural History.

Works

• Observations on the intestinal worms. In: Archives of Zoology and Zootomie, 2, 1801, pp. 1-65, ub.uni -frankfurt.de
• New observations on the intestinal worms. In: Archives of Zoology and Zootomie, 3, 1803, pp. 1-32, ub.uni -frankfurt.de
• Notes From The Field Of Natural History, medicine and Thierarzneykunde: Collected On A Trip Through A part from Germany, Holland and France. In the Realschulbuchhandlung, Berlin 1804
• Entozoorum immersive vermium intestinalium historia naturalis (Amsterdam 1808-10, 3 vols ), of which the synopsis entozoorum (Berlin 1819) is an excerpt
• Outline of Physiology ( Berlin 1821-1828, 3 volumes, unfinished)
• Anatomy of Plants ( Berlin 1807)
• Contributions to anthropology and general Natural History ( Berlin 1812)