Karoline Kaulla
Karoline ( Chaile ) Kaulla, born Raphael ( * 1739 in Buchau on Federseemuseum, † March 18, 1809 in Hechingen ), best known under the name of Madame Kaulla, was in its time one of the largest Hoffaktorinnen and was considered the richest woman in Germany.
Life
Caroline, Hebrew " Chaile " Kaulla was the eldest of six children of Jewish community leader Isak Raphael and his wife Rebecca of Regensburg: born (later Regensburg ). His father was a court factor in the service of the house of Hohenzollern - Hechingen. Caroline received her siblings an education as practiced in enlightened families of the Jewish upper class of the 18th century: lessons given a private tutor.
At 18, Caroline was married in 1757 with Kieve Auerbach ( Auerbach Akiba ) in Hechingen, a man who was entirely devoted to the study of the Torah and the Talmud and left the economic security of the rapidly growing family of his wife.
In 1768 she became the twenty-nine by the Prince of Fürstenberg in Donaueschingen their patent as Hoffaktorin " Kaula Raphael ". From the description used here, " Kaula " or " Kaulla " its German name Karoline her new, in business the soonest time the commonly used name, which was so successful that took him also their brothers and their descendants created. In 1770 she was on her request, Herzoglich -Württemberg Hoffaktorin and thus the successor of the Württemberg court factor Joseph Suss Oppenheimer ( 1672-1738 ), who had been executed in Stuttgart. Her eldest brother Jacob Raphael in 1780 for his person court factor in Donaueschingen, where Caroline was constantly active since her appointment.
From 1790, the company operated as a military supplier Kaulla in a big way and acquired within a few years a considerable fortune. In 1797 she received the Hofschutz for residences Württemberg Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg, but the Duke was forced to take on protest from the Stuttgart civil and mercantile 1798.
For merits in the army supplies to the imperial armies Jacob had in 1801 received the title of imperial councilor, and Madame Kaulla was honored in 1808 by Emperor Francis I with the great imperial civil service medal to the gold chain.
On March 18, 1809 Karoline " Chaile " Kaulla died 70 years old in Hechingen. She is buried in the Jewish Cemetery in Hechingen; their impressive grave monument has been preserved.
Expressed in today's words, she was a charismatic entrepreneur who brought it to Hofbankière the Royal Württemberg Court and the head of the exchange and trading house Kaulla in Stuttgart. Later, she was a co-founder of the Royal Württemberg Hofbank, arose over several mergers in the 1920s at Deutsche Bank.
It should have been a very beautiful and impressive woman, also be their charity, praised her commitment to the poor without distinction of religion, and for the Jewish community in Hechingen.