Kawaji Toshiyoshi
Kawaji Toshiyoshi (Japanese川 路 利 良, Kawaji Toshiyoshi, also Toshinaga; born June 17, 1834 Satsuma fief (now Kagoshima prefecture), † October 13, 1879 ) was a samurai who for his services to the modernization of the Japanese police system the European model as the "Father of the Japanese police " (日本 警察 の 父, Nihon keisatsu no chichi ) holds.
Life
Kawaji Toshiyoshi was the son of the police ( Yoriki ) Kawaji Toshiai (川路利 爱) born and his wife Etsuko (悦子) in Satsuma fief. In 1864 he took part in the uprising Hamaguri gate. Satsuma and more loyal to the emperor feud arose in 1868 in the Boshin war against the ruling Tokugawa shogunate, which Kawaji participated for his fief in the Battle of Toba- Fushimi. Under the new government in 1871, he received a lower official posts (东京 府 大 属, Tōkyō -fu daisakan ) located in Tokyo and a year later became chief, founded a year earlier capital police (逻 卒 総 长, rasotsu Socho ). In September 1872, the police were placed under the Ministry of Justice and there to manage the Police Office Keiho - ryō (警 保 寮) founded the deputy head (警 保 助, Keiho - suke ) at national level and police chief (大 警 视, daikeishi ) for Tokyo he was.
On the advice of Saigo Takamori, whom he knew from the Boshin War, he took in October 1872 a delegation to Europe to study some of the local judicial and police systems. Four months alone held the delegation in Paris, as the French police, and especially the police prefecture of Paris were considered to be particularly effective and was also aligned centrally. Another reason was that also followed the court and legal system already French model. There also other continental European countries, including Prussia and Austria - Hungary were visited, while the United Kingdom has been omitted because their decentralized police system and lower abundance of power the police were considered unsuitable for the stability of the young Japanese government. After his return in September 1873, he submitted a draft for the design a new police system on the French model before, including the separation in a criminal investigation (司法 警察, Shiho keisatsu, see police judiciaire ) should remain with the Ministry of Justice and Administration Police (行政 警察, Gyosei keisatsu, see police administration ), which should be responsible for the maintenance of public order and to provide a yet to be established Ministry of Interior. The Tōkyō Keishi -chō on January 9, 1874, the Keiho - ryō the previously founded in November the Ministry of Interior would subordinate, and on January 15, founded as Tokyo Prefectural Police, whose first president was: Within a short time, his suggestions were implemented.
As his former promoter Saigo Takamori rose as leader of the Satsuma rebellion in January 1877 against the government, were all police prefectures, including the Tōkyō Keishi -chō, was abolished and the police under the direct of the resident at the Home Office authority Keishi - kyoku (警 视 局), where he became manager. This authority also received the competences of the judicial police. Both were in 1881 when undone. During the rebellion Kawaji took on the government side as commander of the 3rd Brigade Special (别 働 第3旅 団, betsudō dai -san Ryodan ) part, which consisted of police units.
In 1878 he made a second trip to France, became seriously ill and died shortly after his arrival in Japan.