Khakas language

Spoken in

  • Altaic languages ​​( disputed) Turkic languages Siberian Turkic languages Circassian

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Does

Kjh

The Khakassian language ( chakass. Тадар тили / Tadar tili ) is a North South Siberian Turkic language of the subgroup. Short form is Circassian.

Circassian is (according to Article 3 of the Law of the Republic of Khakassia on the languages ​​of the peoples of the Republic of Khakassia dated 20 October 1992), next to the Russian, state language in Khakassia. The lexis of Khakassian is strongly influenced Mongolian and Russian; only very occasionally there are Arabic and Persian words. The word stress is always on the last syllable. In Khakassian the category of grammatical gender is absent; the Khakassian river names received in German the masculine gender.

Main distribution area

Circassian is spoken mainly in the belonging to Russia 's Republic of Khakassia. To this end, the adjacent area is on the northern border of Tuva.

Alternative names

Circassian applies only since 1923 as a language than you in the course of Soviet nationality policy ( "Every nation its own republic and each republic their own language !"), The formerly independent tribes of Biltir, Sagaj, Qatscha, Xojbal and Xyzyl the " nation of Khakassians " summarized. These five strains are linguistically and culturally closely related. And so from their dialects a standardized "national language " created.

In the past, the present Khakassian language was known by many names. The best known were " Abakan - Tatar ", " Abakan - Turkish " or plain and gross generalizations " Yenisei - Turkish ". In the Turkish Turkic language generally as " chaka sian Turkish " (Turkish Hakas Türkçesi ) is called.

Classification options

Circassian is classified with under different. So lists the " Fischer Lexicon languages ​​" (1987) the Khakassia in the Turkic languages ​​as follows:

  • Turkic languages western branch
  • Eastern branch Uighur group Circassian

In contrast, the lists " Metzler Lexikon Sprache " (1993) the Khakassia as described below to:

  • Turkic languages Southwest Turkish ( Oghusisch )
  • Osttürkisch ( Karlukisch )
  • West Turkish ( Kiptschakisch )
  • Northern Turkish Circassian

The current classification is listed in the article Turkic languages ​​.

Alphabets

As the oldest font Hallows see the Khakassians to the göktürkischen inscriptions of the Orkhon and Jenissejgebietes that are written in Turkish runes.

Actual written language is the Khakassia only since the 19th century, when a modified Cyrillic alphabet was introduced by Russian missionaries. Previously Tschagataisch was used.

In 1929, the unified Turkish alphabet was introduced, which was in 1939 again displaced by a Cyrillic alphabet, which was in 1947, 1953 and 1962 modified.

The language code is KJH.

Language family Koibal people Khakas people Culture Orkhon River
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