Klebsiella

Klebsiella pneumoniae (secondary electron micrograph )

The genus Klebsiella comprises Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They were named after the East Prussian bacteriologist Edwin Klebs, born in 1834 in Königsberg ( Prussia ), and died 1913 in Bern. The bacteria do not have any active movement and are surrounded by a mucous capsule. They live under oxic conditions, ie in the presence of oxygen, aerobic, but can live without oxygen, that is, they are anaerobic optional. Typical of Klebsiella is a greasy film that is formed on the colonies.

Klebsiella species live in soil, water and on cereals. Of the Klebsiella species are medically relevant Klebsiella pneumoniae as inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as Klebsiella granulomatis as causative agent of granuloma inguinale. All species are resistant to penicillin.

Metabolism

The members of the genus Klebsiella are chemoorganotroph, that is, they build to generate energy from organic substances. They are facultative anaerobes: If oxygen is present ( oxic environment ), they have an oxidative energy metabolism, they oxidize the organic matter to carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water; when no oxygen is present, so under anoxic conditions, they use the 2.3 - Butandiolgärung for energy. This produces a final product, especially in large amounts of alcohol 2,3- butanediol and CO2, along with small amounts of, inter alia, various acids.

In other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia and Salmonella family, the mixed acid fermentation, anaerobic Energiestoffwechselweg, wherein in contrast to the Butandiolgärung produce large amounts of acid (acetic acid, lactic acid and succinic acid) as final products, but no butanediol. This feature is used to distinguish from the Enterobacteriaceae genera. Serves the Voges - Proskauer test, with the acetoin, an intermediate 2,3- Butandiolgärung detected. Klebsiella therefore reacts positive here.

Species

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae ( Schroeter 1886) Trevisan 1887 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae ( Schroeter 1886) Ørskov 1984
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae (Abel 1893) Ørskov 1984
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis ( Trevisan 1887) Ørskov 1984

Synonyms (selection)

  • K. ozeanae (Abel 1893) Bergey et al. 1925: Now as a subspecies of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. out ozeanae
  • K. rhinoscleromatis Trevisan 1887: Now also found to be a subspecies of K. pneumoniae
  • Calymmatobacterium granulomatis Aragão and Vianna 1913: Be K. granulomatis provided to the genus. Other synonyms: Encapsulatus inguinal ( Bergey 1923), Donovania granulomatis ( Anderson et al 1944. ).
  • Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella mobilis: Both names are within the taxonomy formally valid ( a typical homo synonym ). The not formally valid name Klebsiella aerogenes is partly, also used in relation to the conversion of Enterobacter aerogenes to Klebsiella for this species.

The following species were found belonging to the genus Raoultella:

  • Klebsiella terrigena Izard et al. 1981
  • Klebsiella ornithinolytica Sakazaki et al. 1989
  • Klebsiella planticola Bagley et al. 1925 ( synonym K. trevisanii Ferragut et al. )

Swell

Systematics and synonyms for:

  • George M. Garrity, Julia A. Bell, Timothy G. Lilburn: Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Second Edition, Release 5.0, Springer- Verlag, New York, 2004. DOI PDF
  • Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl -Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (ed.): The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria. 7 volumes, 3rd edition, Springer- Verlag, New York, inter alia, O., 2006, ISBN 0-387-30740-0. Vol 6: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass, ISBN 0-387-30746- X
  • Proteobacteria
  • Proteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria Anoxic waters 2,3-Butanediol Voges–Proskauer test
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