Koishikawa Botanical Gardens
The Koishikawa Botanical Garden ( jap -小 石川 植物园, Koishikawa shokubutsuen ) in Tokyo, officially Tōkyō daigaku Daigakuin rigakukei kenkyūka fuzoku shokubutsuen (东京 大学 大 学院 理学系 研究 科 附属 植物园), is based on a scale from shogunate herb garden of the 17th century.
The Garden
Originally Tokugawa Tsunayoshi was in the time before he became shogun, created there as a prince of the Tatabayashi -han a secondary residence. As previously there was the Hakusan Shrine, the plant was " Hakusan goten " called (白山 御 殿) [NB 1]. After Tsunayoshis death, the property was abandoned, but then put the 8th Shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune there, the original plant broadening de, an herb garden (薬 园 添 地, Soechi yakuen ) to. Since then, the garden extends in the form of a rectangle from northwest to southeast over a length of about 800 m and a width of 200 m.
1721 took the town doctor Ogawa Shosen ( 1672-1760 ) set up by the shogunate Bittkasten and suggested a treatment site for the poor, which was then set up as yōshōjo (养生 所) in the herb garden. Although this device does not exist anymore, probably the corresponding source. This source was used during the Kanto earthquake in 1923, to supply the population in the area with drinking water.
Beginning of the 18th century had the eminent botanist Konyō Aoki ( 1698-1769 ) in the garden. There, he managed to sweet potatoes (萨摩 芋, Satsuma - imo or甘薯, Kansho ) to breed that thrive outside of Kyushu and were a main food in times of need are available. Recalled in the garden, a memorial stone in the form of a sweet potato. Konyō, which, inter alia, Director of the Library of the Shogunate ( Shomotsu Bugyo ), wrote his thoughts on the sweet potato in the book " Banshokō " (蕃薯 考) down. On his grave stone he is known as " Professor Sweet Potato " - " Kansho -sensei " - revered.
At the beginning of the Meiji period the treatment site was abandoned and the School of Medicine (大学 东 校, daigaku Toko ), forerunner of the Medical Faculty of the University of Tokyo - affiliated. 1877, with the founding of the University of Tokyo, the garden came at the Faculty of Science and remained with her to this day. 1886 discovered there Hirase Sakugoro ( 1856-1925 ) is the complex propagation of Ginkgo and Ikeno Seiichrō ( 1866-1943 ), the Japanese sago palm ( Sotetsu ). The second director of the Botanical Garden, Miyoshi Manabu ( 1862-1939 ) had, inter alia, studied with Wilhelm Pfeffer in Leipzig.
The actual herb garden is on a hill. In the upper part a surface lined with flagstones of 132 m is obtained, which had been used for drying herbs. The elevation of the upstream lower part is occupied by a Japanese garden with a change watercourse. This transformation garden goes back to Tsunayoshi, the present system shows influences from later times. Also in the lower part is located on the northwest side of the main building of the mentioned medical school, which was brought here in 1969.
The collection includes plants from East Asia, Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and other parts of the world. From the Tokyo area, many plants have survived from earlier times; the stock goes back 300 years. In the botanical garden remind panels on some trees that they were described by Thunberg and Siebold and Zuccarini for the first time scientifically.
1902 branch pruning at altitude in Nikko was created for alpine plants.
Characteristics
- Operator: University of Tokyo, it is admission charged
- First plant: 1684
- Area: 161 588 m²
- Inventory: 1,400 trees, 1,500 shrubs, 1,100 tropical and sub-tropical plants
- Main building, library ( 20,000 volumes ), greenhouse, laboratory, herbarium ( 1.7 million specimens )