Kokoshnik (architecture)
A kokoshniks (Russian Кокошник; Kokoschniki plural ) is a commonly used, especially in the church façade decoration of Russian architecture in the form of a semi-circular, triangular, keel arch - shaped fitting or ornamental pediment. The term derives from the same comparable shaped headgear of Russian women's costume. The kokoshniks is a modification of Sakomara has frequently arranged stepwise manner contrary to this, however, purely decorative or gliedernde function and is.
History
Kokoschniki first appear on the 1379-82 built ancient Dormition cathedral in Kolomna and in the ensuing period, a characteristic architectural ornament of the Muscovite architecture. Other early examples of their use are the Dormition Church in the town in Zvenigorod ( 1400 ) and the Catholicon of Thera Pontic monastery in Ferapontowo ( 1490 ).
Find particularly rich application Kokoschniki on the tent roof churches of the 16th and 17th century, where they produce the harmonic vertical transition between the components in pyramidal arrangement, such as at the Johannes church in Djakowo ( today Moscow 1553/ 54) St. Basil's Cathedral ( 1555-61 ) and the Church of the Transfiguration in Ostrov near Moscow ( 1646). From the second half of the 17th century, the Kokoschniki are increasingly being transmitted to bell towers and Krylza and endowed with rich profiles, ornament and majolica reliefs in the lunettes. Concise Moscow Examples include the Assumption Church of the Nativity in Putinki (1652 completed ) and the Holy Trinity Church in Ostankino ( 1677-83, Pavel Sidorovitch Potechin attributed ).
With the beginning of the 18th century kokoshniks comes increasingly Bauornament disuse and only appeared in the historicist architecture of the second half of the 19th century - well beyond the historical boundaries of the Grand Duchy of Moscow - again.