Kretzschmaria deusta
Brand- crust fungus ( Kretzschmaria deusta )
The fire - crust fungus ( Kretzschmaria deusta, syn. Hypoxylon deustum and Ustulina deusta ) from the family of wooden club relatives living both parasitic and saprobiontisch at various deciduous trees, especially common on lime and beech.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fire - crust mushroom has a crust- shaped, broad black and white stroma with a thickness of 0.2-2 cm and an irregular boundary. The surface is rough and uneven thick - bumpy. By perithecia - mouths it acts punctured. The consistency is very hard, in the age structures such as charcoal feel. Inside the stroma many up to 1.5 mm wide sit, spherical to ovoid perithecia. The spore powder is black. In spring, the imperfect conidial forms thin coverings that appear gray by the conidia.
Microscopic characteristics
The asci are cylindrical and pedicled be approximately 410-480 microns long and 10-14 microns wide. The Ascusspitze turns blue in Melzer's reagent. The spores are irregularly elliptical, smooth and have 2 lighter oil droplets and a lying longitudinally germ column, although not along pulls the whole spore. They measure 27-35 (-38 ) × 7-9 microns.
Artabgrenzung
The fungus can hardly be confused with some experience with other species. A certain similarity can some carbon berries ( Hypoxylon ) as often on birch branches growing Multifarious carbon Berry (H. multiforme) have, which also often crust- shaped spread on the substrate. In the multi-shaped carbon berry young stromata are reddish brown colored before they become black. The spores are much smaller.
Ecology
The fungus is very common in Europe and North America and parasitic saprobiontisch mainly of beech, but also on other deciduous trees in front. It can be found all year round, the spores ripen in autumn. The fungus causes soft rot in roots and ground-level, rare in higher stem regions. From the outside, seen often show no damage. Crust -like, several inches wide, gray, black in older stages, carbonaceous coatings ( fruiting bodies ) with often aufgewölbtem edge at the base of the stem are usually visible immediately after the collapse of the trees.
Importance
The traces of fire crust fungus through the blackish spots in the wood often incorrect assumptions about arson. The stability of the trees is greatly reduced. From the outside -is symptom-free trees can fall over without warning. Therefore, should be a primary measure in infested trees standing and fracture resistance are reviewed in order to cut down the tree in time where the risk of Umbrechens there.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1787 by Georg Franz Hoffmann Sphaeria deusta, but placed in the genus Hypoxylon four years later by Bulliard. Long as she was then known as deustum Hypoxylon, also Ustulina deusta was relatively common. It was not until 1970, Philip Michael Dunlop Martin fire - crust mushroom in the described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1849 Kretzschmaria genus.