Kulak

Stalin called on his late 1929 publicly and slogan of " liquidation of the kulaks as a class " a war against the peasants.

The majority of the peasants were so-called middle peasants (about 75 % ), which were often referred to as Kulakenknechte. You hoarding or hiding grain was accused of - actions which led to the high compulsory levies and taxation of individual farmers. The industrial structure of the country was carried out by maximum squeezing almost all farmers. Despite shortage of grain to the Soviet Union exported grain to be able to buy such machines and tools can (so-called hunger exports). The peasants had to pay so much of the social costs of forced industrialization. The instrumental mitausgelöste by collectivization and dekulakization famine of 1932/33 ( Holodomor ) cost estimates by the British historian Robert Conquest up to 14.5 million lives.

In several Soviet novels the fate of the " kulaks " occurs and there plays the role of a collective trauma: for example in Chingiz Aitmatov: A day longer than life (1980) and Yevgeny Yevtushenko at Where the berries ripen (1981 ).