Lamp (electrical component)

Bulbs are all electrical equipment and electrical equipment which are used to produce light, and any object that generated by chemical or physical processes light. Forming a light source.

Electric Lamp

Most traditional electric bulbs need a gas- tight fitting cover. It consists in incandescent and gas-discharge lamps of glass ( glass bulb or glass tubes). Modern light sources such as light emitting diodes and capacitor - luminescent films are heavily covered with plastic.

Bulbs are usually housed in a light that in some cases additional resources to operate the lamp can (switches, ballast, ignitor, dimmers, starter ) and the electrical connection devices.

The electrical connection is often made ​​by special sockets that receive the socket or connector pins of the lamp. Sockets and sockets are usually designed so that the bulbs can change without tools. This is necessary since most of the lamps has a substantially shorter life than the lamps in which they are operated. Typical base forms are threaded, bayonet and socket.

Also baseless bulbs can be designed replaceable by fitting the glass body wires, but usually they are soldered.

Important data of a light bulb are:

  • Electrical power ( rated power)
  • Light output (efficiency, specified in lumens / watt, typical values ​​see light source)
  • Luminous flux (total amount of emitted light)
  • Light intensity ( light intensity on solid angle related)
  • CRI
  • Capture or socket type
  • Operating Voltage (nominal )
  • Operating current (rated current )

For transport applications, for machines or for special comfort requirements of the ripple (time-dependent periodic variations ) of the luminous flux or light color is important. Flicker at twice the mains frequency is typical for gas discharge lamps with conventional ballast. LED and electronic compact fluorescent lamps often have higher-frequency modulations (some 100 Hz to some 10 kHz). To avoid stroboscopic effects must (formerly exclusively bulbs ) can be used on machines flickering could bulbs.

Bulbs can be roughly divided as follows, in parentheses, the special features are specified for operation and handling:

  • Bulbs Incandescent lamps (without protective glass, no protective glass required)
  • Halogen lamps (required with and without protection glass, safety glass )
  • Projection lamps (without protective glasses, safety required)
  • Low-pressure gas discharge lamps (no protection necessary glass ) glow lamps
  • Energy saving lamps ( integrated ballast )
  • Fluorescent lamps ( ballast and starter required)
  • Cold-cathode tubes (operating unit or inverter is required )
  • Sodium vapor low- pressure tubes ( ballast and starter required)
  • Mercury vapor high- pressure lamps (no protective glass required)
  • Mercury vapor high pressure lamps ( Protection during handling, transportation and operation! Prescribed operating position! Ignitor required )
  • Sodium vapor high pressure lamps ( ignitor required )
  • Metal halide lamps (as above, protective glass required, prescribed operating position, ignitor required)
  • Xenon arc lamps ( high and very high pressure lamps, control gear required protection during handling and operation! Ignitor required )

Bulbs, in use high piston temperatures reach (halogen bulbs and Hochdruck-/Höchstdruck-Gasentladungslampen without protective glass bulb ), must not be touched with bare hands in the cold state, otherwise burn fingerprints and cause the lamp to fail.

Lamp must be operated due to their sometimes very high base temperatures only in versions specified for it. The specification of the version may be different from that of the light, but the light bulb must always match the specification of the lamp: it can in the case of incandescent lamps also have a smaller electric power than the rated power of the lamp, but never a larger one.

For some time, there are LED bulbs that can be used by appropriate capping directly as a replacement for incandescent lamps. These contain the necessary current limiting devices in ZIF socket, so that they can be directly connected to standard voltages (12 V and 24 V DC and AC voltage, 230 V AC).

One of the bulbs, which, although they have a light bulb base, can not be operated directly on 230 V, include high-pressure gas discharge lamps with Edison screw caps E27 and E40 (or E39).

The different shapes and power forms are usually characterized by the lamp designation system ILCOS and so comparable or interchangeable and described in more detail there.

Physico-chemical Bulbs

These include:

  • Beacon of all kinds, oil lamps, oil lamps, gas lamps, carbide lamps, which are all based on chemical combustion
  • Pyrotechnic bulbs, in which the light effect is produced by rapid combustion ( Bengallichter, flares, fireworks effects)
  • That produce fluorescent colors, the cache at the atomic level partly light and partly by radioactivity
  • Cold Light by chemical stimulation ( light stick, glow stick )
Electrical load Light fixture Electrodeless lamp Gas lighting Luminous paint
302363
de