Landfrieden

A land of peace (or peace of land; Latin constitutio Pacis, pax pax instituta also Jurata ) was in the medieval law, the conventional waiver of the power holders of certain landscapes on the application of (actually legitimate ) violence to enforce their own legal rights. This mainly concerned the right of the feud leadership.

Content

The peace agreements formed the political basis for the realization of the right without the private use of force. They often regulated the jurisdiction and thus permit the settlement of disputes through aligned to general rules decisions. Violations or threats to public order and peace have been threatened with a grievous punishment. This allowed objects or buildings eg churches, houses, mills, agricultural implements, bridges and especially the imperial roads and people ( priests, pilgrims, merchants, women, even farmers, hunters and fishermen in the exercise of their profession ) be placed under protection. The country peace created a kind of martial law and special courts, the courts of the peace.

Development

The country sought peace movement since the 11th century, the continuation of God's peace. Was created the first empire Peace of Henry IV as so-called Mainzer first National Rural peace in 1103, after he had already proclaimed 1085 the Mainz God peace of the Church. 1152 announced Frederick I ( Barbarossa ), the Great Empire of the peace, which was extended to the whole kingdom. These were an act of statutes and established a temporary rule Alliance represents the two most important National Rural Peace ( 1235 and 1495 ) were already law-like decrees and had less alliance character. The kingdom of the peace in 1235, announced Frederick II ( Mainzer peace ). For the first time an empire the peace was bilingual, so written in both Latin and German. It was a Constitutional Act, the validity of the whole empire received. His conclusion was the National Rural peace in the eternal land of peace of 1495, with the Roman Empire for the Holy an indefinite general peace was constituted.

Territorial public peace covenants (selection)

Adequacy of the kingdom of the peace described above originated from the 13th century, with emphasis in the 14th century, numerous territorial, regional and local public peace alliances, their legal bases have been adjusted in accordance with applicable laws in each realm to the local conditions. The contracting parties were depending on configuration, the imperial city mayors, princes and prince bishops. Among the most famous of the peace covenants include, among others:

  • The many city leagues 1246-1488
  • The pings Landstrasse covenant of peace 1279
  • The Wankumer Peace of 1279
  • The Rostock Country Peace Alliance 1283
  • The Westphalian State Peace Covenants of 1298, 1371 and 1387
  • The country peace alliance of seven lakeland ( Upstalsboomgesetze ) of 1323
  • The Thuringian Peace Alliance in 1338
  • The country peace alliance Meuse-Rhine of 1351
  • The Magdeburg Country Peace Alliance 1363
  • The land covenant of peace of Bohemia 1440
  • The Landsberger Confederation of 1556

Modern manifestations

To date, breach of the peace is a criminal offense in Germany ( § 125 StGB), Austria ( § 274 StGB ) and Switzerland (Art. 260 Swiss Criminal Code). The preservation of the public peace - the prohibition of jungle law and vigilante justice - is any modern legal system in the form of state monopoly basis.

Summary execution Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Ewiger Landfriede Frontier justice
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