Ligature (instrument)

As a ligature, better blade holder, woodwind instruments with a single reed a fastening unit is named with the determination to fix the leaflets on the mouthpiece. In the English-and French-speaking countries, the term ligature is used.

The leaflet is stored separately from the game cycles and positioned each time before using the mouthpiece. The ligature is then clamped move safely at predetermined place. In addition, the retention system should not impede the leaflet as the active and variable part of the instrument in its vibration behavior or distort.

Scope

These instruments heard today in the Western world essentially the entire saxophone and clarinet family. After the position of the tone row within the sound system, the size of the corresponding type is determined. Each size is assigned a mouthpiece classification. Its shape design is different world according to the ideas of the manufacturers with regard to sound and music. The construction of the blade holder has to take this variation into account.

History

Clarinet

Their predecessors date back to the ancient times. The instrument maker from Nuremberg J. C. Denner reach by 1700 significant improvements. An early form of the clarinet mouthpiece was created in 1720, in which was a piece of string as a blade holder. Another leap in the development of the clarinet was made by Ivan Müller. He used on his concert tours around 1815 in Holland, England and Germany as a sheet holder an adjustable metal ring. This principle is still used today and has largely replaced the cord.

Saxophone

On March 21, 1846 Adolphe Sax has a French patent application on a new system of wind instruments, saxophones called, submitted. The ligature is not explicitly mentioned. In the drawings, but they can be clearly seen. The Conservatory in Brussels on teaching Beeckmann writes in his published around 1870 School for the baritone saxophone: " To attach the sheet on the table of the blade holder is used; It consists of a metal band, connected by two bolts, ... ".

Basic principle in the breadth

International occurring manufacturers of saxophones and clarinets, as well as the associated Mouthpieces present their products by default on glossy paper with the conventional ligature. The force acting on the leaflet is difficult to assess. Points of contact between the sheet and the back of the leaflet are uncontrolled distributed and placed differently on repeated clamping of the same leaflet. This fastener leads to uneven pressure distribution between leaves and table, can lead to off-hook ( non-contact ) points and deform the stem of the leaf sustainable. Variations in plate thickness, one or two screws, various materials, printing plate with supporting points, surface coating, etc. convey uncertainty. Ornaments and variations of the basic principle ( vinyl tape, hard plastic, etc.) do not form a basis for a functionally correct operation of the leaflet.

Present State

For generations try tinkerers to remedy these shortcomings. One of the first patents granted is the " device for securing the sheet at clarinet ," Patent Nr.89067 of 26 February 1896. Since countless attempts have been made to meet the terms of the tone and the claims of the musicians justice. The results are not encouraging. The representation of the ratio of leaves and leaf holder in the literature is contradictory, incomplete, or missing completely.

In a new patent with the title " Professional blade holder ", European Patent number EP2111614, are presented for the first time unique Aufspannrichtlinien. The locking system transmits a uniform edition of the entire contact surface of the lamina on the mouthpiece table. This allows an optimal ratio of blade thickness and tip opening be sought. The necessary approach to control pressure in the lower register is reduced to a minimum. This promotes easy blowing and reliable classification of the leaflets through repeatable same Aufspannbedingungen. The conditions for a fine tone, especially in the lower layer are given.

Bibliography

  • The saxophones. Publisher Erwin Bochinsky, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-923639-98-8.
  • Jürgen Bachmann: From the body to the sound. Chili Notes Music Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2001, DNB 965,452,395th
  • Kurt Birsak: The clarinet. Publisher Obermayer, Buchloe 1992, ISBN 3-9800919-8-8.
  • Jack Brymer: The clarinet. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1983, ISBN 3-596-22986-3.
  • Patent EP2111614: Professional blade holder. Published on October 28, 2009.
  • Patent DE89067: means for determining the sheet at the clarinets. Published on February 26, 1896.
Classical antiquity Music school
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