Linguistic performance
Performance is the name given to the use of language, speaking.
The term was from John L. Austin (1955 ) developed in the 1960s and refers to the success of speech acts. " In contrast to, constative description ' of states that are either true or false, change, performative utterances ' by the fact that they were expressed, states in the social world. " Is as an example of a performative utterance tie the knot at marriage, called the social reality of the changes to the speech involved, but can not be judged as true or false. The speech here has the function to perform a symbolic act.
Performative turn
In the culture of science speech acts are considered under the aspect of staging and performances. In order for a turn ( performative turn ) was introduced into the cultural sciences. After Heidrun Brückner and Elisabeth Schömbucher is carried with the performative approach " in cultural studies of a modified treatment bill that will not be investigated social institutions or texts, but the ability of the actors is at the center of considerations. As a cultural performance are rituals and theater performances social interpretations by the actors, which not only cultural values are taught and identity is created, but also expressed by the social critique and cultural change is initiated. "
Performance in gender theory
In Judith Butler, the performance shows as an act of incarnation, with the example, the identity gender is constructed. By signs and speech acts that identity is marked as male or female. "! The cry of the midwife, One Girl ' must therefore be understood not only as a constative statement but also as a more directive speech act: , Become a girl! ' The performativity of gender that is the result of the interplay of political performative and theatrical performances. "
Performance in the semantics
After Alice Lagaay it corresponds performative- philosophical approaches: " Meaningful to Behold as something that is constituted and changed only by process- full trains. "
Differentiation between performance and performativity
In the theory work of poststructuralist standpoint the distinction between performance (performance ) and performativity is crucial. So writes Gerald Posselt ( University of Vienna, Department of Philosophy ):
"While performance understood as presupposing performance or execution of an action a acting subject seems (which is also the position of the speech act ), the term performativity contests the very notion of an autonomous, intentional acting subject. The performativity of an utterance highlights their power, the statement subject and the action that it refers to, bring in, and first of all by this enunciation. Jacques Derrida accentuated beyond the iterability and citationality performative utterances. In order for a performative utterance can succeed, they must ( depending on whether one takes a semiotic or cultural theoretical perspective) and quote -like or ritualistic form in a system socially accepted conventions and standards be recognizable and repeatable. This also means that the possibility of failure and the failure of performative utterances is not external but inherent to the speech and language. "
Performance and competence
The counterpart of the performance is the competence according to Noam Chomsky. It refers to the unconscious knowledge of a speaker about his language.
The dichotomy performance and competence was introduced by Noam Chomsky as part of its transformational grammar. So you continues Ferdinand de Saussure's distinction between langue and parole.