Liriodendron
Tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), flowering
The tulip trees ( Liriodendron ) form one of the two genera of the family Magnoliaceae ( Magnoliaceae ). The only two species have a disjoint area in North America and Asia. Liriodendron tulipifera is used in temperate latitudes as ornamentals in parks.
- 3.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The two tulip tree species are deciduous trees. The grayish - white bark longitudinally fissured and dissolves in small portions from. In the winter buds ovoid, the folded leaves hanging.
The clear, alternate and spirally arranged on the branches leaves consist of a long petiole and the leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is evenly four to sechslappig, the leaf base is rounded to slightly cordate, the blade tip is trimmed or notched. The bottom is green to blue, the top shiny and smooth. The stipules are with each other, but not adherent to the petioles and fall off late.
Generative features
The flowers appear solitary terminal along with the leaves. The hermaphrodite flowers are protogyn, that is, the female organs mature before the male. The standing in three counties ( seven to ) nine bloom ( tepals ) are almost the same diverse. The outermost tepals are bell-shaped, bent back and green. The inner tepals are kronblattartig, greenish yellow with an orange band or spot at the base. The stamens are whorled on a short torus, and fall off late. The stamens are a third to half as long as the anthers. The many free carpels arranged spirally; the bottom are sterile. Each carpel contains two ovules hanging.
The "wing fruit" is closing fruits and are at a spindle-shaped dry cone. Each individual fruit contains one or two seeds.
The chromosome number is x = 19
Systematics, paleobotany and dissemination
The genus Liriodendron was erected in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 535. Type species of Liriodendron tulipifera L. is. A synonym for Liriodendron tulipifera L. Mill.
On the basis of fossils of the Tertiary are could be determined that the genus Liriodendron was more widespread than it is today. Fossils have been found in Europe, Siberia, Iceland and Greenland. The genus Liriodendron now has a disjoint area on the northern hemisphere, with only two species.
The genus Liriodendron includes two extant, morphologically very similar species:
- American tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.): Its main distribution area is located on the U.S. east coast. It grows at altitudes 0-1500 meters. Locality data are available for Ontario, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Iceland, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia and West Virginia.
- Chinese tulip tree ( Liriodendron chinense ( Hemsl. ) Sarg. ): It occurs in small areas on the east coast and in the center of China and northern Vietnam. In China, it grows in forests at elevations between 900 and 1000 meters in the provinces of Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, southeastern Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Swell
- Frederick Gustav Meyer: Magnoliaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 3, 1997: Liriodendron - Online. (Section Description and systematics)
- Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu & Hans Peter Nooteboom: Magnoliaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 7, 2008: Liriodendron - Online. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)