List of countries by gold production

Here tables and graphs are presented with details on Gold.

Overview

In 2011, global gold production in 2700 amounted to tons ( 2010 = 2560 tons). This corresponds to over 2010, an increase of 5.5 percent. The most important gold producing countries were the People's Republic of China ( 355 tons ), Australia ( 270 tons ), the USA (237 tons ), Russia ( 200 tons ) and South Africa (190 tons ), their share of world production was 46.4 percent.

Eligible reserves were estimated by the United States Geological Survey ( USGS) in 2011 to 51,000 tons. Of this total, 7,400 tons to Australia, 6,000 tons to 5,000 tons to South Africa and Russia. All three states had a combined share of 36.1 per cent of world reserves. With constant promotion of gold could be obtained even for about 19 years.

The largest gold mine in the world, the Grasberg mine in Indonesia with production of 2,025,000 ounces of gold (2010). The deposits are scattered over the whole world. In small quantities, gold is also used in Germany before ( for example, Thuringia). Also on the gravel banks of the High and Upper Rhine such as in Istein in Efringen churches, there are small amounts, especially tinsel. Germany's largest gold deposit with historic gold mine is located in northern Hesse Korbach.

Meanwhile, it is worth the degradation of rock that contains only one gram of gold per tonne of rock. Significant quantities of gold are produced during the refining of other metals such as copper, nickel or other metals, so that under some circumstances only these " impurities" an occurrence interesting. In Europe, the Romanian gold ore today are of economic importance. Almost all European rivers carry traces of gold with it. However, the largest available gold reserve is the salt water of the oceans, where it is dissolved in very low concentrations as chloride complex. This gigantic volume in cubic kilometer - scale represents a not uninteresting size and exceeds the previously funded by mining gold by far.

Promotion and reserves

The Geological Survey of the United States ( United States Geological Survey ) offers this definition: The reserve base ( reserve base) is that part of an identified resource that meets the specific physical and chemical minimum criteria for the current mining and production practices, including those for salary, quality, thickness and depth. The reserves ( reserves ) are that part of the reserve base which could be economically extracted at a certain time or produced. The term does not mean that extraction systems are installed and working. Reserves include only exploitable materials.

Listed are the countries with the biggest promotion and the highest reserves in tonnes. The publication of data on the reserve base was set in 2009.

Promotion

By country

All figures relate to the States in their present boundaries.

Gold production peak by country

As gold production peak ( peak gold english ) the date is known, on which the production rate of a mine reaches its absolute maximum. This point in time is reached when about half of the recoverable gold was promoted and thus depends on the material handling cost and the recoverable on the world market price of gold. The time of maximum production rate of a country can be determined with certainty until several years after they occur.

The peak of gold mining is of two of the ten largest producers back a few years or decades. Only in the People's Republic of China and Ghana, the previous maximum was in 2009. The following table shows the year is listed in the promotion of a country reached its absolute peak, the current production and their share of the maximum. All figures relate to the States in their present boundaries.

By Company

Listed are the company that country where the headquarters are situated, and the delivered volume.

After mines

Listed are the mine, the country where the gold mine is located, and the delivered volume.

World promotion

The following statistics of gold production has for the older time only the character of an estimate and also more recent times has not the desired accuracy and completeness. The data conform to Soetbeer: Materials for explanation and evaluation of precious metal ratios ( 2 A. Berlin 1886), from 1886 to after Statistical Abstract of the United States, from 1901 on as specified by the Director of the coin of the United States.

The value decrease 1900-1902 relates to the gold fields of the Transvaal and is attributable to the Boer War.

Supply and demand

The demand for physical gold is greater than the supply of the mine production. The balance is made by recycling ( scrap ) and also to a large extent of central sales. For the future, an even greater imbalance is expected because the central bank sales are limited. New precious metal discoveries peaked in the 1980s, whose uptake reached the beginning of the 21st century its zenith.

Consumer demand by country

Listed are the countries with the greatest consumer demand for gold in metric tons ( jewelry industry and retail), their share of global demand in percent and the cumulative frequency.