Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol

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Locator / ID Separation Protocol ( LISP )

Loactor / ID Separation Protocol is a new routing architecture. In this architecture, a separation of the identity and location will be implemented. This is schematically for the topic IP ( Internet Protocol). A normal IP address contains the identity and location within a 32- bit address. Thus, it is complicated, an IP address easy to carry anywhere.

Example

A person A is located at a location east. The identity is A and the location east. If that person A is the location changes, such as in the location West, it is however still the person A.

In the course of the IP terminal changes its IP address, all as described in the example above; Terminal A has the IP address 192.168.1.1 in the location east. If terminal A now changes to the location of West, gets it eg assigned a relative address via DHCP on the IP subnet at the location West, eg the 10.1.1.1 - thus the location and identity has changed.

The consequence of this is that first the identity is lost and second lapse all IP connections.

Due to the given in LISP separation of " Endpoint Identifier " (EID = identity) and "Routing Locator " ( RLOC = location) a terminal can retain its identity. To find the location of a device or subnet, you need a database that EID and RLOC to each other, the so-called mapping system. This mapping system is similar to DNS.

An EID can be a host IP address or an entire IP subnet.

A RLOC is usually the IP address of the interface of a LISP -enabled router through which it can be reached, eg from the Internet or from an MPLS network

The separation of identity and location, different scenarios can be transmitted: The simple include Encapsulate IPv6 host packets in IPv4 header and vice versa. So IPv6 islands or all IPv6 sites can be connected via IPv4 networks to facilitate migration and accelerate. Alternatively, non- IP packets transmitted over LISP. For example, Geo coordinates, MAC address, RFID, etc.

Packets between two LISP locations are packed in a special LISP UDP header.

LISP historically

The Internet Architecture Board has brought in October 2006, his interest within a routing and addressing the Panel again for discussion. The aim should be to support designs that optimize the requirement for highly scalable routing tables and addressing in the Internet. A fundamental problem was the flooding of the current IPv4 BGP learned routing table. Until now, many proposals were submitted to resolve the issue and all based on the distribution of location and identity in the numbering of the Internet, often called the " Loc / ID split".

Current Internet protocol architecture

Naming the current which is used by the Internet Protocol, called IP address, which has two separate functions:

  • To uniquely identify the endpoint ID, a network interface within a local network
  • As a locator for the routing process. This will give you the opportunity to find an end point on the network, even in large routing environments

Advantages of LISP

The following advantages result from the separation of location and identity and thus for LISP:

  • Greatly improved scaling in large routing environments
  • BGP - Free multihoming in " active-active " environments
  • Address Family Transport: IPv4 over IPv4, IPv4 over IPv6, IPv6 over IPv6, IPv6 over IPv4
  • Eigehendes traffic management and load balancing
  • Mobility
  • Easy to configure and distribute (including coexistence with all other IP technologies )
  • No changes to the devices necessary
  • VPN support, for example, VPN as a tunneling over MPLS Networks
  • Network Virtualization
  • Customer -driven and encrypted VPN environment is based on LISP / GETVPN solve IPSec scaling issues
  • High availability and seamless communication are addressed with active multi-homing and signaled a change in the data packet.

Definition of Terms

  • Routing Locator ( RLOC ): A RLOC is an IPv4 or IPv6 address of an egress tunnel router (ETR ). A RLOC is the outgoing interface based on the resolution of the EID -to- RLOC mapping.
  • Endpoint ID (EID ): An EID is an IPv4 or IPv6 address that is used in the source and destination address fields. It is used in the interior ( first header ) from a Lisp package. Usually it is the IP Netwerk the location 's terminals.
  • Egress Tunnel Router ( ETR ): An ETR is a router of IP packets is assumed in which the target IP address in the outer header is its own RLOC. He normalled LISP packages to native IP packets. ETR may also be a device other than a router - eg a mobile terminal.
  • Ingress Tunnel Router ( ITR ): An ITR receives IP packets from a transmitter within the EID network and packs them into Lisp packages. The target in the outer header he enters the on the opposite side lying ETR RLOC.
  • Proxy ETR ( PETR ): A PETR is used for communication between the non- LISP Lisp and locations. On the side, he works as a LISP ETR on the non- LISP site we a native IP router.
  • Proxy ITR ( PITR ): A PITR is used for communication between non- LISP and LISP locations. It behaves in the LISP network as an ITR and on the non- LISP site we a native IP routers and must announce the LISP networks in the non- LISP network.
  • XTR: A xTR is the name of a component on the ITR and ETR function is also shown. He is also a tunnel or enclosure called endpoint.

The LISP Mapping System

An item in the Locator / ID Separation Protocol is the mapping system. This is to connect the task EID and RLOC together. This process is not visible on the Internet or transport network. The mapping is organized as a distributed database which is responsive to requests from devices ITR. An ETR must login system and submit its status on the mapping. The following terms are used in the mapping system:

  • MAP server (MS ): The map server is filled with information of the ETR devices and stores the assignment of EID to RLOC. In addition, he is responsible because of its database to forward the requests from a ITR to the ETR.
  • MAP Resolver ( MR): The MAP resolver accepts requests from ITR equipment for resolution of the target location and forwards it to the MS.

Uses

With LISP can be many existing solutions and opportunities together under an architecture and derive moreover completely new possibilities for use in the network. The are described here in the following.

Available software

  • Cisco IOS and NX-OS software with LISP support in official releases.
  • Development team from the Université catholique de Louvain and T-Labs/Technischen University of Berlin have a FreeBSD stack written calls himself OpenLISP.
  • LISPmob is an open source implementation of LISP Mobile Node and its specifications for Linux and OpenWRT, which is maintained by Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. You can be as xTR or LISP Mobile Node used ..
  • AVM GmbH offers LISP support for the FRITZ! Router from FRITZ! OS 6:00 and in some laboratory firmware versions

Standardization

This architecture has been standardized in the IETF under the title LISP ( Locator / ID Separation Protocol) in the following RFCs:

Active Draft RFCs

Cisco Systems
526798
de