Luc d'Achery
Luc d' Achery (* 1609 in Saint -Quentin, † April 29, 1685 in Paris ) was a librarian and historian Maurist who published numerous text-critical editions.
Life
Unlike the name suggests, the family d' Achery did not belong to the nobility. The family, however, is attributable to the upper middle class, which derives its origin from the homonymous locality Achery in northern France at Mayot. The last name was written both Dachery and d' Achery, the latter spelling had prevailed. To the family, there are several proofs before the time of Luc d' Achery. So about a d' Achery occupied as a medical doctor in Paris, which was seconded in 1415 to the Council of Constance. 1544 donated a Nicolas d' Achery a stained glass window of the Abbey of Saint- Quentin -en- l'Isle. In the town of Saint- Quentin several traders, senior officials and monks of the abbey are occupied.
Luc d' Achery joined the Order of the Benedictines and made his profession on October 4, 1632 at the age of 23 years at the Abbey of Vendôme, which belonged to the Congregation of the Maurists. He later moved within the Congregation to Fleury, where he was so seriously ill that even the hope was abandoned, that he might recover ever again. In this state, visited him in 1636 the Superior General ( supérieur général) Maurist, Grégoire Tarrisse ( 1575-1648 ), and recommended him to the abbey of St. Germain -des- Prés to change. Luc d' Achery followed in 1637 to the Council and underwent in Paris a water cure. His sufferings decreased in the sequence, so that he could begin working in the library of St. Germain. There he proved himself so much that he was appointed in 1640, despite his health problems to the librarian.
As a new librarian Luc d' Achery began with the development of a new system, according to which all manuscripts and books are in stock was sorted and cataloged. Its operation spread over the entire Kongregration, so that he was in a short time their leading librarian. In this capacity, he wrote his first work, the Méthode pour la recherche of manuscrits with which he presented a guide to work with manuscripts for his colleagues. He then introduced under the title Catalogue des livres pour les nouveaux monastère together a basic set of works that should lead every monastery library and that would be to create a new library at first ( for at that time a total of 527 livres ). It was compiled with the Catalogus Librorum non- nullorum quibus Bibliothecae monasteriorum congregationis S. Mauri instrui potuerunt for better coordination among libraries, a catalog of 456 titles, in particular covering the areas of exegesis, the asceticism and the historical literature. These instruments will the activities of the libraries of the entire congregation were centrally coordinated. This included the planned expansion of all libraries, the control of new procurements and the proper conservation of the ancient manuscripts.
Notably, however, benefited from the library of St. Germain of its activities. While there were only 3,600 volumes available to his appointment as a librarian, this number increased during the life of Luc d' Achery 6,300. Due to the ever-improving Library of St. Germain became a center of scientific historical research in France. In part, this also happened but at the expense of other libraries of the Congregation. Thus, in 1638 about 400 of the most valuable manuscripts were in agreement with the Cardinal Richelieu moved from the Abbey of Corbie in the long run to St. Germain, because they were there to be vulnerable after Corbie in 1636 fell for a few months under the control of Spanish troops. From the library of Fleury quite a few manuscripts have also been borrowed in preparation of a work on church fathers who were only partially returned.
Thus, the conditions were created for a hitherto unprecedented project, the historical-critical works on the history of the order, provided for to the Church Fathers, the saints and the critical edition of important texts. For the Superior General Grégoire Tarrisse Luc d' Achery prepared a research plan, in which every monastery of the Congregation should cover their own archive and possibly other archives in the neighborhood systematically to capture the entire historical material and documents. In particular, material should be added to the founding of the monastery circumstances, the nature of the first settlement, the geographical location and other history and evaluated. Here, emphasis was placed on an operation carried out with the utmost care and dating to exact as possible sources. This project was supported by the General Chapter of the Congregation in 1651 partially put into practice with a corresponding order of two monks.
In addition, Luc d' Achery also employed himself with the publication of text -critical editions. So Luc d' Achery gave in 1648 for the first time the letters of Lanfranc, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, out. This was made possible after Luc d' Achery came into possession of a custom built from the 16th century copy, which was based on a manuscript from the 12th century that has been made in the Abbey Le Bec, the home monastery of Lanfranc. This edition was reprinted in 1745 in Venice, one more time published in 1844 by John Allen Giles ( 1808-1884 ), who, however, in response to another handwriting could add a few letters and the order changed, and finally around the same time as part of the Patrologia Latina Jacques Paul Migne. Only in 1961 created Helen Clover as part of their dissertation a new critical edition, which took into account a much wider range of manuscripts.
In the years 1655-1677 his thirteen- volume work Spicilegium appeared ( to German gleaning ), which covered a wide range of canon law texts, chronicles, saints' lives, letters, seals and certificates. The 1662 published in Paris second volume contains a Southern French by about 800 resulting systematic collection of canon law origin, which was named in memory of the first and only editor Dacheriana.
The 1669 published in Paris 9th tape contained, inter alia, Excerpts of the Collectio Canonum Hibernensis which he reprinted from the manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat 12021 ( olim Sangerman. 121). As important parts in this issue, however, were missing, were identified later by Edmond Martène (1654-1739), one of the students of Luc d' Achery published based on the evaluation of another manuscript of the Abbey of Fécamp supplements in the fourth volume of the work Thesaurus novus 1717. It is however by no means a critical edition.
1664 Jean Mabillon was appointed as a young talent from the Abbey of Saint- Denis to St. Germain as support for Luc d' Achery to assist in the publication of the following volumes. In the same year appeared the sixth volume. After that, however, Jean Mabillon, which should be the most important researchers of Maurists later, the publication of the works of Bernard of Clairvaux turned to after the November 1664 Chantelou Claude ( 1617-1664 ) died, who had devoted themselves to this project before.
Another project was the publication of the Acta Sanctorum Ordinis Sancti St. Benedict, which has already been configured by Grégoire Tarrisse. This project should be based of the Acta Sanctorum - project of the Jesuit Heribert Rosweyde (1569-1629) and Jean Bolland the CVs of all the saints of the Benedictine order are presented. Luc d' Achery had this for years already collected in his library at St. Germain material and carried out preparatory work. Further work it took Jean Mabillon, the monastic libraries to further expanded especially with numerous trips to research. The first volume of chronologically ordered series appeared in 1668 and covered the 6th century. A reprint appeared from 1733 in Venice.
The historically accurate operation resulted in subsequent clashes, because quite a few saints have been singled out from the compilation that had no relation to the Order. The two authors were therefore accused of having violated the honor of the Order. Jean Mabillon was responding, in which he, inter alia, set out the duties of a historian and the obligation to scientific ethos.
Works (selection)
- Beate Lanfranci cantuariensis Archiepiscopie et Angliae Primatis, Ordinis Sancti St. Benedict, opera omnia, quae reperiri potuerunt, evulgavit Domnus Lucas Dacherius Benedictus Congregationis sancti Mauri in Gallia, vitam et epistolas notis et observationibus ( antiquis Monumentis abundew locupletatis ) illustravit et appendicem adjecit. Lutetiae Parisiorum 1648th
- Spicilegium. 13 volumes, published from 1655 to 1677.
- Acta Sanctorum Ordinis Sancti St. Benedict in saeculorum classes Distributa. Saeculum I, quod est from anno Christi D ad DC, collegit Domnus Lucas d' Achery, Congregationis S. Mauri monachus, ac cum eo edidit D. Johannes Mabillon ejusdem Congregationis, qui et notis universe opus, observationibus indicibusque necessariis illustravit. Lutetiae Parisiorum 1668th