Mahmud Yalavach

Mahmoud Yalavach ( * before 1218, † 1254 ) was a powerful governor and minister of Genghis Khan and his three successors. He officiated in Central Asia and northern China and was next Yelü Chutsai (1189-1243) one of the key figures in the nascent administration of the Mongol Empire.

Life

Mahmoud Yalavach came from Khorezm. He first appeared in 1218 as an ambassador in the service of the Mongol ruler. The historian Barthold assumed that he and Mahmud Beg, a vizier of the last legitimate Khan of Kara- Kitai, Yelü Zhilugu ( Chih -lu- ku, reg. 1178-1211 ) is identical and, consequently, in the internal resolution of this state in the services of the Mongols came. In 1229 he was made of Ögedei Khan as governor for the sedentary population of Central Asia, as a counterpart to Yelü Chutsai, who was responsible for North China.

He tried to organize an orderly collection of taxes (instead of looting ) to rebuild the devastated by the Mongol invasion of urban centers and villages and to the rehabilitation of the irrigation systems. A particular concern was it a tax reform that the rural population should be relieved of arbitrary taxation of the Mongolian prince.

With the suppression of the Tarabi uprising in Bukhara (1238-1241), he was transferred to China by his son Masud Beg (d. 1289 ) replaced, continued his policy. The reason was apparently in repeated friction with the Prince Chagatai and its consultants. Most recently, he had a planned massacre of the city's population of Bukhara opposes.

In China, he quickly encountered reservations of his Chinese subordinates, had to struggle with their intrigues and was deposed. Under the government Töregenes (reigned 1241-1246 ), he was replaced by Abd al - Rahman and he fled to the Prince Goden, Töregenes son, who protected him from the hostility of his mother. The new Great Khan Gujuk set him again in his office in China, and just as it did Gujuks successor Mangu Khan ( 1251 ).

Under Mongke Khan developed by Mahmud Yalavach in the 1230ern tax system was introduced in all the Mongolian regions and served as the basis for tax collection of all Khanate. In China Mahmud Yalavachs administration was unchanged however unpopular: they looked at him as dishonest, rude, dominant and shameless, and judged his tax assets to be too high. The prince Kublai placed himself behind the protest and prevailed: the taxes were reduced and undermined Mahmud's authority over Kublai administration.

Mahmud Jamal Qarshi Yalavach died ( chronicler of Kashgar, early 14th century), according to the spring of 1254 in Beijing.