Marbrianus de Orto

Marbriano de Orto (* around 1460 in the diocese of Tournai, † February 1529 or before in Nivelles; native Marbriano Dujardin ) was a composer and cabaret singer frankoflämischer.

Life and origin

Marbriano de Orto was born the illegitimate son of a priest. His surname " Dujardin " was Latinized " de Orto ". He must have received at one of the churches in the diocese of Tournai his training.

In December 1483 he appeared as a singer in the papal chapel. He served three popes: Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII and Alexander VI. The chapel consisted of 18 to 20 musicians, mostly Flemish, Walloon and French. During the liturgy, she sang the chorale, rarely came polyphonic music for the performance. The choir sang not only in the Sistine Chapel, but also in other churches, when the Pope celebrated there the office; sometimes even in the Tutorial. The most important composers of the chapel were de Ortos time Josquin Desprez ( September 1486 to about 1494 ) and Gaspar van Weerbeke ( 1481 to 1489 and again from about 1499 ).

Special Promotion learned de Orto by Pope Innocent VIII, he provided him with benefices, lifting the obstacles that arose de Orto from the illegitimate birth. So de Orto received in December 1486 a lifelong annual pension income from the diocese of Tournai. In two bulls from July 30, 1496 there was talk of de Orto as the dean of Nivelles, but also noted that the appointment was met with resistance. This office de Orto was awarded 1489-1496. His residence has de Orto, however, postponed until after 1499 from Rome to Nivelles.

In Nivelles de Ortos center of life was the church of Sainte -Gertrude. To her de Orto has maintained close ties to his death. This is proven by numerous foundations, whose most precious is a bronze chest still shown in the transept for the storage of relics.

On 24 May 1505 de Orto singer in the chapel of Philip the Fair. The Duke not only legitimized him, but appointed him soon to his premier chappelain what special appreciation is expressed.

De Orto accompanied the Duke on his last trip to Spain. The trip, at the Alexander Agricola, Pierre de la Rue, Nicholas Champion and Anthony divitis participated, began on January 10, 1506 One traveled by water.; Singers and instrumentalists had their own ship. Storm drove on January 13, 1506 a portion of the fleet, the ship also the musicians, to Falmouth. Very likely de Orto has stored during the storm the vows that " Vita Gertrudis " translate from Latin into French. On April 27, 1506, the fleet landed in A Coruña. Philip and entourage moved for the summer to Valladolid and Burgos, where the Duke fell ill with fever and died on 25 September 1506.

Soon after Philip's death de Orto returned to the Netherlands, where he was later Emperor Charles V, the Duke 's son, for the Margaret of Austria still led the regency, assist in the reorganization of the chapel. According to a document of 1509 was de Orto "first chaplain " Charles. This office he shared from 1510 to 1517 with Anthoine de Berghe in the six-month rotation. This change had to do with de Ortos residence obligations at various churches. 1510 is detected as a canon at the cathedral of Notre Dame in Antwerp, in 1513 as a canon of Sainte -Gudule in Brussels.

Although his name is crossed out in a payment list of 21 June 1517 he still operates in a document dated 18 May 1518 " Chancellor and Principal Chaplain Charles ". In 1522 he was entpflichtet because of his age, to accompany Charles V on a trip to England and Spain.

Marbriano de Orto died in February 1529 or shortly before. He was buried in Sainte -Gertrude in Nivelles. His grave stone was destroyed in 1940 by bombing the city.

The work

Measuring

Fragmenta Missarum

Motets

Liturgical works

Chansons

Other works

Appreciation

Among his works are the most significant fairs. Five of the six surviving fairs are handed down by Petrucci's printing of 1505. They are all from the cantus firmus type, but varying the treatment of the borrowed melodies. Liturgical hymns are paraphrases in the tenor of the Missa dominicalis. In the Missa L' homme armé the folk song schematically different Mensurationen, diminutions and transpositions is subjected predominantly in the tenor, but also in other voices. In the Missa La belle se sied the melody is treated more freely, even using only the first 5 notes as head motif and Ostiato in the Missa Petita camusetta. With the Missa J'ay pris amours to Orto parody fair approaches.

Cantus firmus technique also show the motets. Salve regis mater, delivered anonymously, but most likely Orto, the coronation of Alexander VI Pope celebrates 1492. Manuscript in CS Ms. 15 is a hymn cycle is delivered, the individual parts Guillaume You are ascribed Fay, Josquin Desprez and Orto.

Some songs Ortos show backward-looking features. D' ung Aultre chanson amer and Fors seulement are three voices, melodies ockeghemsche used and probably early works. Venus tu m'a pris shows Burgundian style. Je ne poinct, Mon mary m'a diffamée and Se per perdu mon amy use imitations. Similarly, Et il y a trois dames a Paris; stylistically it is already in the 16th century. Quite apart is Ortos Virgil setting Dulces excuviae; with their expressive dissonances and chromatic modulations, it represents a culmination of musical humanism in the Renaissance