Marie François Xavier Bichat

Marie François Xavier Bichat (born 11 or November 14, 1771 in Thoirette; † July 22, 1802 in Paris) was a French anatomist and physiologist. He is regarded as the founder of histology.

Life

Marie François Xavier Bichat was born as the son of the physician Jean Baptiste Bichat (1746-1812) and his wife Jeanne Rose Bichard ( 1741-1809 ). His siblings were Claude Joseph François Régis (1773-1774), Pierre Jean Baptiste César ( * 1776), Rose M. Bichat ( 1778-1809 ). He studied mathematics and later medicine in Montpellier. From 1791 to 1793 Bichat studied under the guidance of the senior surgeon Marc- Antoine Petit ( 1766-1811 ) at the Hôtel- Dieu in Lyon surgery and anatomy.

With the French Revolution, he was forced to flee from Lyon and found himself in 1793 in Paris. There he became a pupil of Pierre -Joseph Desault, who was impressed by the genius of Bichat so that he took him into his house. Two years worked for Desault Bichat, who entrusted him with the management of the Journal de Chirurgie, and operating at the same time his own research in anatomy and physiology on. Bichat the first use of the concept of brain death is attributed. He differentiated, on the one hand, the dying individual organs and put the other hand, important observations based on his Dekapitationsexperimente. Considerations which he resigned in 1800 in the Recherches physiologiques.

Bichat founded Société Médicale d' Emulation 1796 de Paris, a scientific association of progressive doctors. In 1797 he began private courses, demonstrations and lectures in anatomy, physiology and surgery hold. A hemorrhage in 1798 forced him to stop his work for some time. From 1800 Bichat worked as a physician at the Hôtel- Dieu in Paris.

Bichat died in 1802 probably from the effects of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. An important student, but also to the death of connected friend, the surgeon Philibert -Joseph Roux ( was see also the painting by Louis Hersent ( 1777-1860 ). Xavier Bichat was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris ( Division 8).

Work

Bichat Gewebspathologie had a large influence in French medicine. His questions were by contemporary physicians, anatomists and physiologists, as Philibert Joseph Roux, Pierre Augustin Beclard (1785-1825) and Anthelme taken Richerand (1779-1840) and involved in their own research.

Until his death, Bichat took us around 600 autopsies. In this work, he found the typical body structure: tissue, organ and organ system. Despite the fact that he worked without a microscope, he discovered 21 different tissue types in the human body and diseases that attack the tissues of the organs and not the entire organ.

Bichat expanded the organ pathology of Giovanni Battista Morgagni and laid the foundation for Rudolf Virchow subsequent cellular pathology.

After Bichat named structures

  • Bichat - band
  • Bichat - Fettpfropf
  • Bichat fissure
  • Bichat - channel
  • Bichat - membrane

Works

  • Traité des membranes en général, et de diverses membranes en particulier
  • Anatomy appliquée générale à la physiology et à la médecine
  • Recherches sur la vie et physiologiques la mort

Others

  • The 13th month of the positivist calendar was named after Bichat.
  • Bichat 's name immortalized on the Eiffel Tower, see: The 72 names on the Eiffel Tower.
Tissue (biology) Organ (anatomy) Biological system List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower Integrated Authority File
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