Martin Luther's Birth House
In the so-called Luther 's birthplace is a memorial building in Eisleben for the Christian reformer Martin Luther, who said to have been born at this place on November 10, 1483. Built in 1693, is one of the oldest museums in Germany and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is located in the King Street 16 The historical name of Luther Street was until 1872 Lange Gasse.
- 2.1 The original Luther 's birthplace
- 2.2 The Memorial Building of 1693
- 2.3 After the turn
History
Luther in Eisleben
Martin Luther lived as an infant only the first few weeks in Eisleben. His parents were in transit from Mohra to Mansfeld, where his father was working as an overseer. Despite his short stay only Martin Luther felt life of his native town of Eisleben and the place of his baptism closely linked. Although he lived never been here, he visited again the city, but died for the last time in 1546 when he tried to settle a dispute between the Counts of Mansfeld on February 18.
Architectural History
The original Luther 's birthplace
The previous building located on the same site as the Memorial building burned in 1689 in a town fire to the foundation walls. During excavations in 2006 his remains were uncovered inside the Memorial building. Under the present floor lay under rubble spilled charred beams as a warehouse for a wooden floor and a red burnt by heat earthen floor. While the ceramic finds the floors in the 14th - 15th Century, including Martin Luther's time, dated, the radiocarbon dating of a bar was at an age of around 1500 or 1600, so that a subsequent floor installation in 1600 or a new building in 1500 can not be completely excluded. Probably it really is but the remnant of the original Luther 's childhood home. The outer walls of the burned building were demolished during the construction of the Memorial building in 1693. Mortises stand bar in a charred floor joists prove but an internal subdivision of the building by a half-timbered wall. Furthermore, an oven plate was found. The original Luther 's birthplace probably had a size of about 10 x 6 m with a courtyard side cultivation in the east of about 4 x 4 m. Since there are below the fire remains vaulted cellar, these must also be counted to the original building stock. Excavations in the building environment that Luther 's birthplace was built in a suburban environment with craftsmanship character. It was not the Luther family, but had been visited for only a few weeks to birth, before the family moved on to Mansfeld.
Until 1689, the original birthplace was in private hands. But it was early on a place of worship Luther. Already in the 16th century a wooden plaque with the portrait and the inscription was: "Anno 1483 is Doctor Martin Luther geborn in the house and gedauft to S. Peter. " Hung. However, towards the end of the 17th century, the birthplace fell into disrepair and a tavern was established. The Eislebener magistrate disliked the appearance of the house and he decided to leave depend on the wood panel again. A short time later the building burned down in a great fire. The wooden plaque was but as "Portrait of the unburned Luther " important relic in the worship of the Reformer and was used in the 19th century to falsely prove that even the ground floor of the building was preserved in its original successor. After the great fire in 1689, the magistrate forced the owner Marie Friedrich to sell the house to the city by denied her the usual other city fires reconstruction loans.
The Memorial Building of 1693
Instead of the small suburban house a representative Memorial building was built in 1693. It did not keep the size and layout of the original Luther birthplace. Thus are all common since the 19th century room assignments as "birth room" wrong, as " Installation" ( the life-world of Luther ) but picked up again in the 2007 exhibition newly created.
It is worth noting at the Memorial building that in the Baroque period renaissance temporal components were used on the facade and in the courtyard to make the building appear older. The located next to the entrance hall on the ground floor rooms were used as a charity school. Upstairs was the resident teacher's apartment. On the first floor of Luther in particular the "Great Hall" was thought, with its painted ceiling and his portraits made while a representative frame. Under the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. took place from 1817 conversions in the building and the collection has been expanded. The charity school was relocated to a new building in the backyard and the teacher's apartment in a wing of the building to the west of the courtyard, so the house was a more like a museum. 1864 Eastern neighboring building was bought in 1867 and demolished to indemnify the Memorial building and to create a garden under the architect Friedrich August Stiller. In the east gable windows were broken and torn down the wing again. Courtyard side, he had a flachbogige double arcade with half-timbered tower on the first floor sat in front of the building. As of 1891, the first floor housed the Archaeological Collection of Eislebener ancient association.
After the turn
Since 1997 both buildings belong to the Luther Memorials Foundation of Saxony- Anhalt.
Extensive alterations made between 2005 and 2007. Here 's birthplace was renovated and restored. All foreign bodies and auxiliary functions that had been added over time for the museum use, were thereby removed. The directly adjacent house in Luther Street was added purchased and connected to the Birthplace. Between this and the charity school in the back yard was built on another neighbor's property is a modern two-storey link building. As a result, a horseshoe-shaped complex was created; the exhibition area by 500 to 700 square feet larger (architect Jörg Springer, Berlin). On 8 May 2010, the transformation was by the office Springer Architekten BDA Architecture Prize, the "Nike " in the category " best room education".
The exhibition
Opened in 2007, the permanent exhibition is titled So I 'm - Martin Luther and Eisleben and is dedicated to the family of the Reformer. In addition, the mining activity of the father and the piety of the time is displayed.