Mastadenovirus
The genus includes viruses Mastadenovirus Adenoviridae family that occur in mammals only. (: Female breast gr μαστός ) from that property that also the name of the genus derives. Mastadenoviruses have been found so far in cattle, horses, sheep, goats and pigs, as well as in rodents, such as mice, squirrels and guinea pigs. Also in humans and closely related apes mastadenoviruses were found (see Human adenoviruses ). Mastadenoviruses usually cause respiratory, eye conjunctiva and bladder infections.
Morphology
The approximately 70-90 nm non-enveloped virions consist of an icosahedral capsid, the additional 12 penton proteins is formed from 240 Hexonproteinen ( Triangulationszahl T = 4) and at the corners. In some species the mastadenoviruses found at the pentons one or two protein appendages ( fibers ). Typical of the genus Mastadenovirus is the additional presence of two proteins in the capsid proteins V and IX. Protein IX is active in addition to the structural stabilization of the hexons as a functional protein, as a transcription factor that is involved in the replication of the virus. The V protein is also responsible for the transport of the viral DNA into the nucleus. Inside the capsid, the viral DNA is located. The surface of the virion, especially the fibers, determine the serological response manner and induction of antibodies. The species and different isolates of mastadenoviruses are serologically distinguish good especially by the proteins E3 and E4; but show significant deviations from species of other genera Adenoviridae.
Genome
The genome of the mastadenoviruses consists of a single, linear double-stranded DNA molecule having a length of from 30,288 to 36,521 bp. At the 5 ' end of the DNA, a viral protein ( VPg ) is non- covalently bound. The typical adenovirus sequence motifs ( inverted terminal repetitions, ITRs ) are particularly long in the mastadenoviruses with 93-371 bp; they include the mammalian cell adapted binding sites for cellular proteins which serve the control of DNA replication. The species of the genus mastadenoviruses may be associated Dependovirus (Family Parvoviridae ), where they allow as a helper virus multiplication only with dependent viruses ( satellite viruses).
System
The assignment of the detected isolates of mastadenoviruses on individual species is very complex. It was originally a classification due to different properties of adenoviruses including serological tests, GC base content, Haemagglutinationseigenschaften performed, however, among other things, was replaced by comparisons of the genome sequences. Both systems differ considerably. So it is, for example, to classify the original bovine adenovirus serotype 9 in the species Human adenovirus C.
- Genus Mastadenovirus
- Species Bovine adenovirus A
- Bovine adenovirus species B
- Bovine adenovirus species C
- Canines adenovirus species
- Equine adenovirus species A
- Equine adenovirus species B
- Species Human adenovirus A
- Species Human adenovirus B
- Species Human adenovirus C
- Species Human adenovirus D
- Species Human adenovirus E
- Species Human adenovirus F
- Species Human adenovirus G
- Species Murine adenovirus A
- Species ovine adenovirus A
- Ovine adenovirus species B
- Porcine adenovirus species A
- Porcine adenovirus species B
- Porcine adenovirus species C
- Species of tree squirrel adenovirus ( tree shrew adenovirus, TSAdV -1)
Preliminary and unclassified species of the genus Mastadenovirus:
- Caprine species adenovirus ( Goat Adenovirus 2, GADV -2)
- Adenovirus species of the guinea pig ( Guinea pig adenovirus 1, GPAdV -1)
- Murine adenovirus species B
- Ovine adenovirus species C
- Species simian adenovirus
- Adenovirus species of squirrel ( Squirrel adenovirus 1, SqAdV -1)
Swell
- M. Benko, B. Harrach et al. Genus Mastadenovirus. In: C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo et al.: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, London, San Diego, 2004, pp. 217-220