Mathematical game
A mathematical puzzle is a work based on mathematical issues puzzle. Facts are often the mathematical theory of the number or geometry.
A famous inventor of such puzzles was the American Samuel Loyd (1841-1911), who published in 1870 his puzzles in numerous newspaper columns and magazines. Also the game inventor Martin Gardner invented and published numerous new math puzzle. Most such tasks in a small anecdote to be packed with an exciting headline, so as not to have too mathematically explain dry.
Various magazines, including Time, regularly publish mathematical puzzles to entertain their readers. A new type of mathematical puzzles are puzzles like sudoku, made by the Japanese magazine Nikoli known worldwide.
Types of puzzles
Note: The solutions of the following puzzles can be found on the talk page.
Geometric puzzles
Example: A farmer wants to tie up a cow on the meadow so that they can accurately erode a semicircle. But he only has three pegs and two long ropes available. How must he the cow tie?
Theoretical number puzzles
Example: The children of a village school will be asked to line up in rows of three in the schoolyard. Since two children are left, the teacher directs that they are to be set up in rows of four. Again, two children are left and the teacher directs that they are to be set up in rows of five. Now it goes on. How many children are in school?
Logical puzzles
For example, Martin and Manfred are identical twins. One of them always lies, the other always tells the truth. Now You meet exactly one of the two.
The logician Raymond Smullyan is a master in writing these kind of puzzles, riddles and has published several books. The so-called Zebra Puzzle ( also called Einstein 's Puzzle known) worked for months in 1963, the British and American readership of a magazine.
See also: Logical, International Math and Logic Games Championship
Symbol puzzles and Alphametik
A special form of mathematical riddle is the symbol of mystery and the Alphametik, when it comes to reconstruct an equation in which the digits are replaced by symbols or letters. Usually, each digit is represented by only one symbol, and the first symbol of a number can not be 0.
A symbol puzzle might look like this:
ACE DAC = JFD - - AAA - HFC = GI === AH III = JBJ Here, the letters must be replaced by numbers that horizontally and vertically, all equations are satisfied. A Alphametik can also be entertaining if the letters also form words. This is probably the best known example of this
SEND MORE ------ MONEY which was sent according to legend, by a student of his father. The question now is how much is " MONEY ".
Computational puzzle
Example of Children: 5 numbers between 1 and 9 are linked via the basic arithmetic operations, with the result, and depending on the difficulty level varying number of figures are given in alternating patterns. From the embedded figures ( boxed fields) may not be duplicated. The result and the individual subtotals are always integers and positive. The example is designed for students from 2nd class. See also Miss Lupun.
Example for adults: The same principle riddle is increased to 9 numbers, but it is no point before line calculation. With logic can reduce the number of possible combinations Narrow (which subtotals are divisible by the number X? ), But the focus of this mystery lies with the mental arithmetic.
More puzzles
- Lucifer puzzles
- Nonogram
- Sudoku
- Str8ts