Maurice Raynaud

Auguste G. Maurice Raynaud ( born August 10, 1834 in Paris, † June 29, 1881 ) was a French physician.

Education and work

Raynaud received a classical medical training in Paris and received his doctorate at the Faculty of Medicine under the guidance of his uncle Vernois in 1862 with the thesis Sur l' asphyxie locale et la Gangrene symétrique of extrémités ( via the local asphyxia and symmetrical gangrene of the extremities). A year later he acquired with the writings of De Asclepiade, Bithyno, medico ac philosopho and Les Médecins de Molière au temps ( The doctors in Molière's time ) the degree of a Dr. ès lettres. This text Raynaud tried to portray the practical medicine of the 17th century, by one hand, he apologized for Molière's exaggerations, on the other hand tried to interpret the satires for the medical profession as cheaply as possible.

Raynaud 1865 was authorized for medical activities ( médecin of hôpitaux ) and 1866 was his admission to the medical school with work on "non- phlegmatic " hyperemia ( Hyperémies non phlegmasiques ) and the use of bloodletting. Further work Raynaud appeared in the Dictionnaire de médecine et de chirurgie pratiques ( arteries, heart, cachexia, diathesis, gangrene, etc.).

On February 4, 1879 Raynaud elected member of the section de médicale pathology at the Académie de Doctor in Paris. He held with great success representation as lectures at the university, at the Hôpital Lariboisière and at the Charité from. In addition, a lecture at the Academy on infection and immunity after vaccination are still preserved and Leçons of Germain Sée, which he edited. Although Raynaud had profiled academically and his literary and medical qualities were hard to miss, a higher academic career left him yet closed, a professorship was never offered to him. With Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) joined him not only a professional friendship, but also joint studies on the transmission of the rabies virus.

He was the son of a professor of the University of Paris.

Performance

In 1874, a publication of Raynaud's appeared on the subject of local Extremitätenasphyxie with notes on possible causes of the disease ( Raynaud's symptom complex). Treatments with application Descending galvanic currents ( induction of a reflex Vasospasmolyse ) Raynaud proven itself

The first description of named after him, Raynaud's syndrome were 25 case descriptions are based with eight deaths. Three deaths were not related to the local asphyxia. In the majority it was female patients, only five men were among them. The usual onset was between 18 and 30 years of age. Particularly striking seemed the lowering of the skin temperature. Raynaud described exactly the typical clinical findings of the disease, which is associated with exposure to cold.

It is the Raynaud's syndrome a symptom complex, which has a typical three-phase course: ischemia ( pale, cold, unfeeling fingers), cyanosis (capillaries and venules dilate, fill with oxygen-poor blood) and redness ( the dissolved Arterienspasmus causes hyperemia, hyperhidrosis and pain). These symptoms occur on the anatomical locations where an arteriovenous capillary network is found ( limbs and other extremities ). The disease can last up to ulcerations on the fingertips and toes, or more rarely gangrene ( digitus Mortuus ) and perform an acro-osteolysis. In addition, already noticed Raynaud that the disease occurs five times more often in women than in men.

Works

• De l' asphyxie locale et de la Gangrene symétrique of extrémités. Thesis, Paris 1862
• Les Médecins de Molière au temps. Paris 1863
• Nouvelles recherches sur la nature et le traitement de l' asphyxie locale of extrémités. Arch Gen Méd 5-21,189-206 (1874 )