Max Schultze

Max John Sigismund Schultze (* March 25, 1825 in Freiburg im Breisgau, † January 16, 1874 in Bonn ) was a German anatomist and zoologist.

Life

Schultze came from a scholar - officials and family. His father Karl August Sigismund Schultze was a physician and professor of anatomy and physiology in Freiburg and from 1830 in Greifswald, his brothers Bernhard Sigmund Schultze, gynecologist and 1858-1903 Professor at the University of Jena, and August Sigismund Schultze ( 1833-1918 ), lawyer and a university professor at the University of Strasbourg. His son Sigismund Oskar Max Schultze (1859-1920) was at the University of Würzburg also Professor of Anatomy

1845 Max Schultze began to study medicine at the University of Greifswald. The winter semester 1845/46 he spent with Johannes Peter Müller in Berlin. In 1849 he received his doctorate with his father. In 1850 he was a lecturer and prosector at the Anatomical Institute in Greifswald. Schultze was from 1854 professor at the University of Halle, and from 1859 at the University of Bonn. In 1872 he became director of the Anatomical Institute in Bonn. In 1865 he founded the journal Archives of microscopic anatomy, whose editor he was, until his death.

He was co-founder of the cell theory ( cytology, and he knew the first time the cytoplasm and nucleus as necessary components of a living cell ), protoplasmic theory ( difference in the cell 1861, the protoplasm and the nucleus and showed that the protoplasm regardless of the type of cell always almost the same physical properties ) and founder of the germ theory. He distinguished rods and cones in the retina. In addition, first described the platelets. Further work related to nerve endings in the sense organs, compound eyes, and flatworms ( Turbellaria ). He worked first in the preparative technique with osmic acid and introduced the physiological solutions (blood replacement fluids ).

Max Schultze in 1871 corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

Works

  • De arteriarum notione, structura, constitutione chemica et vita. ( Gryphiae, 1849) Diss
  • Contributions to the natural history of the Turbellaria ( 1851)
  • About the organism of Polythalamien ( foraminifera ), together with remarks on the Rhizipoden in general. Leipzig, Engelmann, 1854
  • Contributions to the knowledge of land planarians ( 1857)
  • For the knowledge of the electrical organs of fishes (1858 )
  • The Hyalonemen (1860 )
  • About Muskelkörperchen and what you have to call a cell ( 1861)
  • The protoplasm of the rhizopods and plant cells ( 1863)
  • De ovorum ranarum segmentatione (1863 )
  • A heatable Object table and its use in studies of the blood ( 1865)
  • On the anatomy and physiology of the retina (1866 )
  • About the compound eyes of crustaceans and insects ( 1868)
  • Observationes de structura cellularum fibrarumque nervearum (1868 )
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