Mechanical advantage

As a translation or transmission to a device is known in the art that translates the value of a physical quantity to another value of the same size, both values ​​are in a structurally fixed proportions. If the ratio is exactly one, one speaks expressly of transformer.

Transmission, translation, transmission is the transmission ratio as a physical quantity. It is the formula i used characters. This ratio is always dimensionless. In mechanics we also speak of transition.

Basics

Unlike a transformer, a translator converts any physical quantity. Rather, it is the result of the translation of the same size type as the input.

A translation can only be done so that the laws of thermodynamics are observed. This concerns in particular the conservation of energy (first law ) and the increase of entropy ( second law ).

Mechanics

Based on a mechanical translation is always the principle of a simple machine ( cable / rod, reel, lever, inclined plane ). In the idealized case, these simple machines and their combinations, from which any, even the most complicated machine is (in the sense of physics ), transmitter of forces - in practice only a translator, because there is no real ideal body and inevitably losses result. Subsequently transferred components of machinery - and translate in the real world - then movement (dynamic machine or as load balancing in the structure ) energy or power.

Transmission in mechanical engineering describes the power transfer through design elements such as rods, belt transmission (especially the historical transmissions of industrialization ), shafts, gears and the like as well as combinations of these take place. The ratio refers to a single construction element pairing or the entire transmission.

The gear ratio i

The ratio of individual pairs can be calculated by different relations between the driving element construction ( actuator) and the driven member assembly (output ), for example in:

  • Belt driven over the effective diameters of the pulleys
  • Gear and chain drives on the number of teeth of the gears
  • We Also there are the speeds of the gears

Conversely, the rotational speed behaves neglecting losses, the torque transmitted. It is lower, the higher the output speed.

  • On the torque of the gears
  • If the drive speed is greater than the output speed of the transmission ratio thus greater than 1, we speak colloquially of a reduction.
  • The translation is shown to be negative when the wheels rotate in opposite directions.
  • The term transition corresponds to the transmission ratio pitch of revolution to feed with helical ( threads ) - with multi-stage transmission designs we speak of passages for the gradations of the gear ratios. For small i is called a high gear, with a large i of a low gear ( in the car and drive technology from about the creeper at extremely high ratio ).

Electrical Engineering

Transformers are typical translator of voltages and currents. Transformers can translate no DC. The translation of the input and output voltage (or current values ​​) is determined by the ratio of turns of wire of the primary coil to the secondary coil.

Calibrated measuring transducers are used for adaptation of high electrical voltages or currents at low cost instruments. Despite the name " transformer" These are special transformers.

Applications

A somewhat curious, use of gear ratio is infinity machine.

  • Transmission teaching
  • Data acquisition
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