Mechanochemistry
Mechanochemistry called a branch of physical chemistry, which deals with the chemical behavior of materials under mechanical action. An older definition comes from Wilhelm Ostwald: " Mechanochemistry is the study of the relations of the mechanical forms of energy to chemical energy. "
An important branch of mechanochemistry is the tribochemistry (Greek: tribein = rub ), which deals with the change of the chemical behavior of solids by mechanical action on their interfaces.
Mechanisms
Due to mechanical / physical forces comes to structural changes of the surface: surface enlargements, reduction of particle size, formation of fresh surfaces, material abrasion and partly phase transformations. At the microscopic level, there are highly excited lattice vibrations which would not occur thermally. Allowing exotic chemical reactions as well as the emission of photons, electrons, and the grid components.
Molecular nanotechnology
In 1998, Wilson Ho succeeded by Cornell University, individual Eisenmonocarbonyl ( FeCO ) and Eisendicarbonylmoleküle (Fe (CO) 2 ), of iron atoms ( Fe) and carbon monoxide ( CO) assemble with the scanning tunneling microscope.