Merger (politics)

With incorporation refers to the incorporation of a municipality or an unincorporated area in an existing community. The host community remains there, which is affiliated dissolved.

The difference is often overlooked for the church plant: In this are communities which wish to merge, dissolved and established from them a Neugemeinde, which is not incorporation. This process acts partially as a church merger or municipality merger, but is actually a form of incorporation of a fusion or merger.

After incorporation (but also after start-up ) the resolved community often acts as registered according to established local or district which bears the name of the original community in general. These districts receive partly political representation, Ortsrat, town council or district council. Depending on the size of the districts partially several former municipalities are combined into a village or a city district.

Reasons for incorporations

Incorporations take place mostly for financial or municipal political reasons and are often perceived by the citizens of the incorporated villages as negative as they are accompanied by a loss of their independence.

Often an annexation is in connection with a municipal reform, were in many smaller communities associated with larger cities or combined to form large communities. Even cities were incorporated from larger neighboring cities, such as Wilhelm Harburg castle to Hamburg, Charlottenburg, Berlin, Wattenscheid Bochum, Faller Life Wolfsburg, Rheinhausen to Duisburg.

Germany

Since the beginning of the 20th century increasingly smaller villages were incorporated to nearer cities. After the seizure of power by the National Socialists also politically motivated forced amalgamations, such as Eibingen made ​​in the Rheingau to Rudesheim am Rhein. In the course of municipal reform in the 1970s, the number of municipalities in West Germany has been reduced through mergers and incorporations of 24 282 (1968 ) to 8,513 ( 2004). These groupings were made do not always follow the principle of voluntariness and provide some areas still resentment in the population of the former municipalities.

In East Germany, extensive municipality reforms took place in the 1990s and 2000s. In addition to the elimination of their object the smallest administrative units of this agent was also in over-indebted local governments, such as the municipality or the city Kittlitz Siebenlehn in Saxony applied. 2007 there was a local authority reform in Saxony- Anhalt, Mecklenburg -Vorpommern is a plan to have one.

Austria

Incorporations were carried out continuously during the 19th and 20th centuries. So the former suburbs were incorporated in Vienna constantly that were even smaller than today's districts of Vienna. But even in other cities that were the case. In the municipality of several smaller cadastral reforms were usually joined together in a large municipality.

Due to the escalating growth ( mainly through shopping centers and commercial areas ) of "richer communities " around the major cities ( Prominent examples: Wals bei Salzburg, Rum near Innsbruck, Traun near Linz, Seiersberg in Graz, Vösendorf ) and the associated purchasing power drain caused massive infrastructural and economic problems for the regions. Territorial experts in Austria have been demanding for a long time already new municipality reforms, but come the politicians largely on deaf ears, as the spatial means " incorporation " is often understood as negative.