Mimulus

Yellow Monkey Flower ( Mimulus guttatus )

The jugglers Flowers ( Mimulus ) are a plant genus. The genus was traditionally reckoned / formerly to the family of figwort family ( Scrophulariaceae ). In the current system, which is based on Gene sequences, the genus but is on the family Phrymaceae. The jugglers to the flowers ( Mimulus ) belonging to different species varied.

  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Habitus and sheets

In most Mimulus species is one to perennial herbaceous plants. Only a few species are sub-shrubs that have a woody base. In general, there are land plants, but there are also water plants, both those with untergetauchen leaves, as well as those with over the water uplifted leaves. There are upright growing species as well as prostrate and creeping. The stems are round cross-section to square and winged. The plants can be hairy or glabrous glandular. The leaves are opposite. In most species, the leaves have a wide oval to roundish shape with a blunt tip. The leaf margin may be entire or toothed.

Inflorescence, flowers and fruit

The flowers appear singly or in racemose inflorescences at the growing ends individually or in the leaf axils.

The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are fünfzählig. The green calyx tube, which is always shorter than the corolla tube, front ends with five lobes. It is fünfrippig, the ribs often emerge, sometimes even slightly winged. The petals are a corolla tube ( it can be Roehrig to bell-shaped ) grown that ends two-lipped. The lower lip is composed of three mostly flat or slightly downwardly inclined forward lobes, which provide a good landing place for pollinating insects. The upper lip consists of two generally upright to recurved lobes. In many species, the lobes of the two lips are plump, but there are also quite different forms. But always the lower lip is dented left and right at the entrance of the corolla tube upwards in most species the pharynx is not closed by these bulges. The scar is bilobed, and the two lobes fold together quickly when touched. There occur yellow, red, rosarota, purple and blue flowers. The ovary usually consists of two carpels.

Are formed capsule fruits that contain tiny seeds.

Distribution and habitat requirements

The genus has two centers of diversity in western North America and Australia. Some species are also found in eastern North America, South America, East and South Asia or in South Africa. In Central Europe, two species are naturalized ( neophytes ).

Most species grow in moist places, such as in forests, forest edges and near rivers.

Use

Many species and their hybrids are cultivated as ornamentals. Some of them have run wild in various places of the world.

Types (selection)

The genus Mimulus consists of about 150 to 170 species:

  • Mimulus alatus Aiton, is found in Canada and the U.S.
  • Mimulus alatus × ringens
  • Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis, an evergreen shrub from North America ( California )
  • Mimulus bodinieri Vaniot
  • Mimulus bracteosus Tsoong
  • Scarlet Monkey Flower ( Mimulus cardinalis Douglas ex Bentham ), occurs in the United States and Mexico
  • Copper Red Monkey Flower ( Mimulus cupreus Dombrain ): History: Chile
  • Mimulus glabratus Kunth
  • Yellow Monkey Flower ( Mimulus guttatus fish. Ex DC. ), A yellow-flowered herbaceous perennial plant native to North America that has become naturalized in many parts of Europe
  • Mimulus langsdorffii Donn ex Sims ( guttatus as a synonym for M. Fish. Ex DC. )
  • Sticky Monkey Flower ( Mimulus lewisii Pursh ), a species with reddish-purple flowers, which is quite common in North America
  • Mimulus luteus L., Origin: Chile is naturalized in Scotland
  • Mimulus michiganensis ( Pennell ) Posto & Prather
  • Musk Monkey Flower ( Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindl. ), A smaller, creeping species from North America, which is naturalized in Europe
  • Mimulus nanus Phil
  • Mimulus orbicularis Wall.
  • Mimulus pilosiusculus Kunth
  • Mimulus pilosus ( Benth. ) S. Watson
  • Monkey flower ( Mimulus ringens L.), Origin: Canada and USA
  • Mimulus × robertsii Silverside ( = M. guttatus × M. nummularius ), a naturalized UK Bastard
  • Mimulus szechuanensis Pai: A perennial herbaceous species that is native only in China ( in the provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan ). It thrives in humid places in forests and along rivers at altitudes 1300-2800 meters.
  • Mimulus tenellus Bunge
  • Mimulus tibeticus Tsoong & H. P. Yang: This species is native only in Tibet (and in the southern area of China's Xizang Province) and grows in shady locations at altitudes less than 3700 meters.
  • Mimulus tilingii rule ( syn. M. langsdorffii var tilingii ( usually ) Greene ) is home to North America

Sources and further information

  • The genus in the Flora of China.
  • Mimulus ( University of Paisley )
  • Western Australia Flora - Mimulus
  • Cheers Gordon (ed.): Botanica. . Random House Australia 2003 German edition: Tandem Verlag GmbH 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5.
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: Image Atlas of ferns and flowering plants in Germany. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Germany. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4.
  • Werner Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora the territories of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 2: vascular plants, 14th edition. Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2.
  • Franz Fukarek et al. Urania plant kingdom. Volume 4: Flowering plants 2 1st Edition. Urania -Verlag, Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-332-00497-2.
  • Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7.
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