Ministry of Interior (Thailand)
Mahatthai ( Thai: กระทรวง มหาดไทย, Krasuang Mahatthai, [ ˌ kra Suan ma.hà ː tt ʰ aj ], today: Ministry of the Interior ) is since the mid-15th century one of the main ministries of the Siamese (now Thailand ) government. At first it was mainly responsible for the civil administration, while the Kalahom was responsible for the military sector. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Mahatthai then had the responsibility for the north, however, the Kalahom for the southern provinces. Since the administrative reform in 1894 Mahatthai is the Ministry of Interior of Thailand.
Mahatthai before 1894
When King Borommaracha II in 1431 Angkor Thom had conquered, he could kidnap many specialists Khmer as prisoners of war to Ayutthaya. They were mostly educated statesmen who were the eventual successor of the king to the side when he developed his new system of central and differentiated administrative modeled after the Khmer.
King of Siam Borommatrailokanat finally the government reorganized after this system from scratch. He divided the administration into two large areas a, a military field, headed by a Prime Minister, the Minister of Kalahom ( กระทรวง กลาโหม ) and a civilian area under the Prime Minister of the Mahatthai. Each area was divided into a number of other departments, sections and subsections, each with its specific duties. The commercial area of the Mahatthai for example, was divided into the capital's Ministry, the Palace, Agriculture and the Treasury Ministry. Each of these ministries has been further divided into so-called Krom ( กรม ), wherein, for example, for foreign trade and foreign policy were separate Khroms, both of which were subordinate to the Minister of the Treasury.
The head of the Mahatthai, which could be translated as " Ministry of Civil Affairs ' first bore the title of the Chaophraya Chakri. He was the president of the royal council, and consequently with a Sakdi Na of 10,000, the nobleman with the highest ranking in the country. He was allowed, as well as the king and his Uparat, put his personal seal on official documents. It was an Asian mythical beast called Rajasiha ( ราชสีห์, Ratchasi; "The Lion King ").
The Chaophraya Chakri was in charge of the provincial towns north of the capital, his ministry was therefore also called the " Northern Ministry ". In Ratsversammlunngen each minister was assigned to a special place in the Paul VI Hall. Those with the highest Sakdi Na were about 20 steps in front of the window in which the king appeared at hearings, further back those with lower Sakdi Na. The right of the throne were the officers of the military, the Kalahom Ministry, left the civil administration, Mahatthai. Thus, the Mahatthai was sometimes referred to as the " Department of the left side."
Ministry of the Interior since 1894
As a result of Siamkrise with the Paknam Incident in 1893 and forced cession of Laos and parts of Cambodia to France, accelerated King Rama V ( Chulalongkorn ) its policy of modernization and underwent the administration of the country of a comprehensive reform. It was founded in 1894 from the traditional Mahatthai, which was since 1892 by Chulalongkorn 's half-brother, Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, performed a modern interior ministry on the European model. He was placed under the civil administration of all the provinces.
At the same time the country's administration has been streamlined and centralized. For partially autonomous Müang that were ruled by local rulers who were provinces ( Changwat ) and closed circles ( Monthon ) formed. These were supervised by the official of the Interior Ministry.
The headquarters of the Interior Ministry is in a prestigious building in the Atsadang Road in central Bangkok's Phra Nakhon district. It is located next to Wat Ratchabophit, diagonally opposite the Ministry of Defence ( Kalahom ), close to the Grand Palace and Sanam Luang.
Subordinate authorities of the Ministry of Interior are the offices for provincial administration, local government, community development, civil protection, public works and for lands. He is also the state-owned enterprises for electricity and water supply, and market management assumed.