Mortar (masonry)

Mortar (from Latin mortarium " mortar ", " mortar vessel ."; Regional and pantry, m) is a building material consisting of a binder (such as lime or cement), aggregates with a maximum of 4 mm grain size, optionally additives and admixtures, and mixing water exists and hardens by chemical reaction of the binder. A parameter for the composition of the water -solid ratio. The mortar is used primarily to connect bricks and for plastering walls and ceilings. It is prepared either in the factory or on site.

  • 2.3.1 curing
  • 2.3.2 mortar groups 2.3.2.1 DIN EN 998-1 (09 /2003)
  • 2.3.2.2 Classification according to old DIN 18150

History

The development of mortar falls within the period of antiquity. The Romans developed the building material caementitium opus, a mixture of broken stone or brick shot ( " caementum " ), binders ( " mortar" ) and water to make a kind of artificial stone. Opus caementitium is now considered as a precursor of the concrete, but also today's mortar has evolved from this ancient building material. In contrast to the concrete, the aggregates used are fine, the addition of larger quarry stones missing.

Classification

Functional

According to its function or use of a distinction:

  • Masonry mortar for making of masonry
  • Plastering mortar for plastering walls and ceilings
  • Fire protection mortar for penetration seals
  • Synthetic resin mortar consisting of polyester or epoxy resin
  • Grouts for subsequent grouting of facing bricks and exposed brickwork
  • Screed material for the production of a screed as a basis for the flooring
  • Water mortar with high resistance to aggressive waters and hardening under water

Also for insulation or to provide attachment of cladding elements mortar is applied. Another application is the use of cement mortar for the lining of steel pipes for corrosion protection against aggressive media.

Fire protection mortar

Fire protection mortar in Germany are subject to approval by the German Institute for Building Technology. There are special materials that are subjected to external monitoring bauamt union, because they are used for the manufacture of bushings, which must have proved a certain fire resistance class. The fire union is part of the " WKSB " (heat, cold, noise and fire protection), so the insulation craft. The relevant industry associations of these are in Germany the quality community fire protection in the development and in the United States and Canada, the Firestop Contractors International Association and the International Firestop Council.

Aggregate

The most common aggregate for mortar sand, however, it may in certain cases, other materials are used, such as pea gravel or wood chips. The maximum aggregate particle size is 4 mm. Cement mortar differs besides using mostly through this small grain size of concrete. Some mortar binders can also be used without aggregates, ie only with water.

Binder

Mortar can with mineral binders such as lime, cement, gypsum, anhydrite, magnesite, and clay, or with organic binders ( masonry cement, ie plastics), are produced.

Curing

The binder hardens either by physical (drying, such as clay) or chemical processes:

  • In air, the binder can only mortar in air, for example by drying or by reaction with carbon dioxide, to cure.
  • Water hydraulic mortar or grout cures even under water.

Mortar groups

Since 2003 applies to plaster a new set of standards:

DIN EN 998-1 (09 /2003)

Specification for mortar for masonry The familiar plaster mortar groups PI, PII, PIII according to DIN 18150 are no longer there. The new European Standard applies to products manufactured in the factory plaster. It differs according to the type of the characteristics and / or purpose of

  • Normal mortar ( GP)
  • Light mortar (LW)
  • Plaster mortar ( CR)
  • Deposits plastering mortar for external (OC )
  • Sanierputzmörtel (R)
  • Thermal insulation plaster (T)
Classification according to the old DIN 18150
  • MG 1 - lime mortar mixture of sand and slaked lime ( slaked lime, fat lime or lime water ); the burnt lime is prepared by thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate ( see Technical Kalkkreislauf and lime burning ), for direct processing is called Heißkalkmörtel
  • MG 2 - lime cement / hydraulic mortar and cement-lime mortar (a mixture of sand, lime / slaked lime and cement)
  • MG 2a - lime mortar
  • MG 3 - cement mortar ( mixture of sand and cement)
  • MG 3a - cement mortar, = 20 N/mm2
  • MG 4 - gypsum mortar ( mixture of sand and gypsum)

Norms and Standards

  • DIN 1053 - Masonry
  • DIN 18550 - Plaster and plaster systems

Specific species

  • Dry mortar
  • Grout
Binder (material) Lime (material) Integrated Authority File
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