Mugham

Mugham ( Azerbaijani: Mugam ) is a traditional Azerbaijani form of music, which is a set, called a modal melody based on the model. At the same time Mugham determines the kind of melodic intervals, the rhythm and the performance practice of the singer and his instrumental companion. Mugham is not written in a notation, but passed on from one generation to the next. Mugham was included by UNESCO in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Origins and distribution

The origins of Mugham are in Persian and Arabic music and go back to the Middle Ages. Mugham is - albeit under different names - widely used in other near- and far eastern regions of Transcaucasia up in the Chinese province of Xinjiang ( Sinkiang ). The Uyghur in Xinjiang describe the music as Muqam, the Uzbeks and Tajiks as Maqom or Shasmaqom and the Arabs, Persians and Turks as Maqam.

Definition

The term mugham is not clearly defined and ambiguous. According to the Azerbaijani composer Qara Qarayev the word mugham to a key, mode, or scale, on the other hand refers to a multi-movement form with its own design principles. A Mugham has composed and improvised elements.

" His form after Mugam is a cycle in the nature of a suite or Rhapsody. Each of the Mugamteile is an improvisation that under the relevant key in which the Mugam stands, moves and on the free use of melodic elements, which are characteristic for this key, founds. Each following Mugamteil has a different Stützton and unfolds in a higher sound range. The sets are by Inter Media - Tasnif ( an accompanying song) and Rjang ( a dance instrumental episode ) - [ ... ] divided [ ... ]. The complicated rules of this art form are strictly applied by the artist. However, like all folklore include the Mugame to orally transmitted music tradition. Thus, the Mugam intonations are also constantly renewed. "

Mugham is also the name for a trio that lists mugham music and consists of a singer and two musicians who typically play Tar and Kemençe.

There are twelve different types of Hauptmugam and six Stimmenmugame;

Linking with other music

After 1910 Mugham was first integrated into the opera by the Azerbaijani composer Üzeyir Hacıbäyov, who wrote the book Principles of Azerbaijani Folk Music. Fikrət Əmirov wrote three Mugamen for large orchestra, in which he combined characteristics of the traditional mugham music with the European tradition of symphonic music. A connection between mugam and jazz created in the 1960s and 1970s who also Azerbaijani composer and pianist Vaqif Mustafazadə as well as from the 1990s, whose daughter, Aziza Mustafa Zadeh. Other contemporary representatives of the Mugham music include the composer Franghiz Ali -Zadeh and Kamanchehspieler Rauf Islamov.

Azerbaijani Mugammusik was also used by the filmmaker Andrey Tarkovsky 's film " Stalker".