Municipiu

A municipium (Romanian Municipiu ) is an administrative unit at the center level in Romania. Of the current (2010) 320 103 cities in Romania have the status of municipium.

Designation

The term comes from the Latin municipium Municipiu. In German - especially in the publications of the German-speaking minority in Romania - the spelling Municipality is mostly used.

Characteristics

Before the Second World War had municipalities compared to other cities ( ORASE ) a special position; they were equal in contrast to the latter the circles ( judeţe ). After several administrative reforms and the municipalities are now subordinated to the circles. Both a municipium ( Grade I or II in the legal division of the villages of Romania ) and a Oras (Rank III) are managed by a council and a mayor, elected directly by the voting population.

In the municipalities is my finished in the outskirts of villages ( Sate, Rank V ) can exist, but do not own self-governing bodies. In the city itself there is no official division into districts.

A special case is the capital city of Bucharest (Rank 0 ) associated with any county and in six sectors ( Sectoare ) is divided, each with its own elected mayor and a council.

The other municipalities are divided into two groups: the larger 12 cities ( except Bucharest Timişoara, Iaşi, Cluj - Napoca, Constanta, Craiova, Galaţi, Braşov, Ploieşti, Brăila, Oradea, Bacau ) have about or more than 200,000 inhabitants, and are defined as " municipalities with national importance, with a potential impact on the European level " ( Grade I ), whereas the other (currently 91) municipalities "in the circle or outside the circle beyond meaning or a compensatory role in the structure of the villages " have (Rank II).

Criteria and award of the title

According to the centralized administrative structure of the country, the status of municipium is awarded by the Romanian Parliament by a law is passed. The basis is a law that regulates the criteria for the award and was last modified on 6 July 2001. Under this law, the following requirements apply to levy a city to the Municipality:

  • At least 25,000 inhabitants
  • At least 85 % of the residents are not employed in agriculture
  • At least 80 % of residents have running water from the tap
  • At least 75 % of residents are equipped with toilet
  • At least 10 hospital beds per 1,000 population
  • At least 2.3 doctors per 1,000 inhabitants
  • Presence of further education institutions
  • Presence of certain cultural institutions ( theater / theater, music institutes, public library, stadium, gymnasium)
  • 100 hotel beds
  • 60 % of the roads are modernized
  • 70 % of the roads are connected to the water supply
  • 60 % of the roads are connected to the sewer
  • Presence of sewage treatment plants
  • 70 % of the roads are connected to a hydrant system
  • At least 15 m² of green area per inhabitant
  • Presence of a public park

The criteria are not strictly applied. The smallest Municipality is (as of 2011 ) Orşova some 9,700, the largest city without this status Voluntari with about 38,700 inhabitants.

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