Mykola Mikhnovsky
Mykola Michnowskyj (Ukrainian Микола Іванович Міхновський; Russian Николай Иванович Михновский, Nikolai Ivanovich Michnowski; born February 11, 1873 in Turiwzi at Pryluky, Gouvernament Poltava, Ukraine today, † May 3, 1924 in Kiev ) was a Ukrainian politician and founder of the radical Ukrainian nationalism. Michnowskyj considered as the ideologist of Ukrainian statehood. The Ukrainian People's Party, founded in 1902 by him was the first political party that called for in their program creation of a Ukrainian nation-state.
Life
Michnowski was born in 1873 in the family one was from an old Ukrainian Cossack Gender Orthodox priest. After graduating from high school in Pryluky Michnowski studied law at the University of St. Vladimir in Kiev. After completing his studies in Kiev in 1898, he moved to Kharkiv, where he continued his law firm.
While still a student himself Michnowskyj committed in the secret alliances of Ukrainian students in Kiev and Kharkiv ( Brotherhood of Taras, meaning national poet Taras Shevchenko ). 1893, the activities of the Alliance in Kharkiv were discovered by the Russian police and arrested the most active participants, the network of alliances included but already all university cities in Ukraine and many high schools.
After moving to Kharkiv sat Michnowskyj his political work continued. In 1900 there was the first Ukrainian political party in Russia belonging to Central and Eastern Ukraine, the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party ( RUP), was founded. The authored by Michnowkyj speech Shevchenko anniversary by calling for " a unified, free, sovereign Ukraine from the Carpathians to the Caucasus" was the program of the RUP. The speech was published in the same year in Lviv (then Austria - Hungary) as a booklet entitled self Ukraine ( Ukraine Corporation Samostijna ).
However, the ORs gradually stepped back from the requirement of a Ukrainian state and always took more trains a social democratic party. This turn led Michnowskyj 1902 establishing the nationalist Ukrainian People's Party, which calls the first Ukrainian Party, to establish an independent Ukrainian Republic in their program. Was published in 1905 in Lvov his project of the Ukrainian Constitution " The Basic Law of the free Ukraine, a community of the Ukrainian people."
After the February Revolution in Russia in 1917 and the convening of the Ukrainian Zentralna Rada, a provisional political representation of the Ukrainian people in Kiev to Michnowskyj engaged with other Ukrainian officers in the development of combat-capable Ukrainian armed forces should defend his view, the young state. His radical demands for an independent Moscow Ukrainian Republic and attempts to develop a robust army failed due to the pacifism of the Ukrainian Social Democrats and the initial adherence of Zentralna Rada on concept of a federative Russia with a Ukrainian autonomy.
After the failure of the Social Democratic People's Republic of Ukraine and the founding of the Ukrainian SSR to Michnowskyj retired from to 1923 in the Kuban, where he lived in the Cossack village Poltavskaya and worked as a teacher. In 1923 he returned to Kiev. Immediately after his return he was repeatedly summoned by the Cheka. On 3 May 1924, he was found hanged in his garden found. The exact circumstances of death were never clarified.
- Politicians (Ukraine )
- Born 1873
- Died in 1924
- Man