Naples Lazzaroni

Lazzaroni (plural for: Lazzarone, also: Lazzari ) was from the 17th to the 19th century, a term for a part of the lower class of Naples. Lazzaroni had no fixed dwellings, nor labor.

Conceptual history

The name lazzari first appears in connection with the Masaniello revolt of 1647 and referred to the inhabitants of the lower class ( for example, Mercato ), which are blamed for the start of the uprising. The word comes either as Benedetto Croce assumed by the Spanish lacería, the clubs, the meanings of " leprous " and " misery ", or from the Gospel of Luke, where the poor man Lazarus wants to eat the bread crumbs of a rich

History

The Neapolitan authorities feared for a long time, the " unhoused " (as they were called ) could incite riots. Therefore, they received certain privileges ( subsidized price of bread ). Nevertheless, it came about in the 17th century, led by Tommaso Masaniello, to a great uprising of the Lazzaroni, but could not keep the once acquired power in Naples. Their number was temporarily estimated at up to 60,000.

They were notorious for have the rebellions against the middle class and nobility of the Neapolitan Republic committed during many atrocities. Together with the under Italian banditry she fought General Charles Antoine Manhes (1777-1854), and later Joachim Murat. 1799 but also in 1820 and 1849 took the Lazzaroni in the persecutions of the Liberal party of the ruling Bourbons.

From the band structures of the Lazzaroni later the Camorra developed.

Descriptions and references

Importance is the Lazzaroni in the numerous travel reports about Naples at 18th and century. Since about 1750, the popular culture moved into the

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel mentions the addition of § 244 in the Elements of the Philosophy of Right, the Lazzaroni as an example for the people who depend on the randomness. Also, J. G. Spruce mentioned the Lazzaroni in a sidenote the basis of natural law ( constitutional law II, § 19, G) as an example of people who basically carry all their property in the form of clothing on the body.

The Lazzaroni are portrayed vividly by Goethe in his Italian Journey. Thus, it is mentioned that it is one of their habits to get naked reside on the beach of Naples. Johann Joachim Winckelmann also became interested in the Lazzaroni.

Karl Marx writes in his account of the theory of impoverishment and the industrial reserve army in the capital. Volume I of the " Lazarus layer of the working class." ( MEW 23, p 673)