Napoleon II
Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles Bonaparte (French Napoléon -François -Joseph Charles Bonaparte * March 20, 1811 in the Tuileries Palace in Paris, † July 22, 1832 in Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna) was the only legitimate male descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte; he came from his second marriage to Marie -Louise of Austria. As an imperial crown prince of France since 1811, he wore the title of King of Rome, after Napoleon's fall, he led from 1814 to 1817 derived from his mother's title of Prince of Parma, 1815 for a short time again to a French Prince Imperial. In 1818 he was appointed by his maternal grandfather, Emperor Francis I of Austria, Duke of Imperial City.
- 2.1 Performing Arts
- 2.2 Musealverein
Life
Crown Prince Napoléon
As the first and only legitimate male descendant of Napoléon Bonaparte, he was Napoleon's long-awaited successor to the throne and therefore was given the nickname " L' Aiglon " ( " son of the eagle "). After the two resignations (1814 and 1815 ), and finally the death of his father in 1821 he was proclaimed by the Bonapartist as " Napoleon II " three times to the emperor. However, he claimed neither the rule in France nor was he ever charged in his short life with political leadership.
After Napoleon I. had reappeared on the European political stage for the rule of the Hundred Days, he was forced to abdicate on June 22, 1815 again. This time, however, he did not renounce the succession and proclaimed his April 22, 1815 Prince Imperial (but not again to the king of Rome) appointed son expressly named " Napoleon II " Emperor of the French. However, an actual effect also deployed this proclamation is no longer, as at July 8, 1815 Louis XVIII already. returned to Paris to take over the government.
After the fall of Napoleon
In the wake of the Congress of Vienna it was decided that the former Empress Marie -Louise and her son Franz in 1814 obtained in the Treaty of Fontainebleau title of the Duchy of Parma still allowed to lead - Marie -Louise as Duchess, Franz as the Prince of Parma. 1817 the title of Prince of Parma, he was again denied because he would have been entitled Heir as such at the instigation of the Allies Russia and the UK - and a Bonaparte on a European throne was it from the perspective of the victorious powers to prevent. His grandfather, the Austrian Emperor Francis I, gave him then on 22 July 1818 Bohemian Empire City ( tschech. Zákupy ) and raised this to the Duchy; henceforth Franz led the title of Duke of Imperial City - the city itself, however, he never visited.
In Vienna, Franz became friends with his in-laws aunt six years older Archduchess Sophie Friederike von Bayern. The two visited together balls and concerts, and the Vienna gossip even speculated that Sophie's second son Ferdinand Maximilian was the child of the Duke of Imperial City.
Illness, death, burial,
The Duke had an early fight with lung problems and eventually fell ill with tuberculosis. At the age of 21 years, Francis died on 22 July 1832 in Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna.
The corpse of the Duke of Imperial City was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, his heart in the heart of the Habsburg crypt in St. Augustine and his guts in the Ducal Crypt of the Stephansdom. This corresponded to the funeral ceremony of the Habsburgs, as was customary at the Viennese court at that time. 1940, the sarcophagus containing the body of the Duke was transferred to Adolf Hitler's command to Paris and initially placed in the Invalides in the crypt at the side of Napoleon. Later, the sarcophagus was placed in the lower church. The heart of the Duke and his intestines remained in Vienna.
Reception
Performing Arts
The French playwright Edmond Rostand wrote the first listed in 1900 drama The Young Eagle ( L' Aiglon ) over the Duke of imperial city, whose main role offered a starring role for the former stage star Sarah Bernhardt. Arthur Honegger and Jacques Ibert processed the play into an opera.
Musealverein
In the Vienna Museum of Military History, some objects of the Duke of imperial city are exhibited, his paint-box, his hat and his sword.