National Socialist Freedom Movement
The National Socialist Freedom Party ( NSFP, and NF) was a German right-wing party of German Nationalists and National Socialists during the Weimar Republic that existed in the years 1924 /25 and as a list of association or community group, even temporarily.
History
Formation
After the defeat of the Hitler coup in November 1923, at that time mainly active in southern Germany National Socialist German Workers' Party ( NSDAP) was banned. Hitler, imprisoned because of the coup attempt, Alfred Rosenberg entrusted with the continuation of the Nazi party, including Rosenberg founded the United German Volksgemeinschaft ( GVG ). Rosenberg had already occurred in the summer of 1923 for a turnout of the Nazis; According to internal letter he sought no later than December 1923 at a turnout in alliance with the German Nationalist Party for Freedom ( DVFP ). The first also banned after the coup attempt, largely confined to northern Germany DVFP was created in 1922 as a spin-off of the German National People's Party ( DNVP ). Unlike the Nazis, the readmitted in February 1924 DVFP had parliamentary experience. Rosenberg and Gregor Strasser agreed in January 1924 with the DVFP Guide Albrecht von Graefe on a common approach in the upcoming elections.
Under the Nazis, both the turnout and the alliance with the German Nationalists were controversial and was rejected by a " anti-bourgeois " wing around Hermann Esser and Julius Streicher. Esser and Streicher displaced Rosenberg from the leadership of the GVG, which from then on refused any parliamentary activity of the Nazis. Similar positions were represented by North German National Socialists as Ludolf Haase. Hitler behaved in the conflicts initially contradictory: In discussions with comrades he refused to turnout; at the same time he took influence on the nomination of candidates.
Reichstag election in May 1924
During the election campaign for the general election on May 4, 1924 Deutschvolkische and Nazis agitated against the democratic parliamentary system, the position of Jews in Germany, the Treaty of Versailles and the Dawes Plan. A folkish state was demanded without class struggle and with a professional representative body. One of the everyday demands going beyond party program did not materialize, as the programmatic ideas to Ernst Reventlow, Gottfried Feder, Reinhold Wulles and Artur Dinter diverged widely.
Deutschvolkische and National Socialists came on regional variations designated nominations, which were connected with the Empire United nomination lists of the German Nationalists Freedom Party and the National Socialist German Workers' Party. The original agreement between Graefe and Rosenberg had provided that German Nationalists and National Socialists in 17 and 18 constituencies, the final decision on the candidate list condition. During the nomination of candidates, the Nazis were systematically disadvantaged by the Deutschvolkische, so that in the constituencies north of the Main were almost exclusively the DVFP candidates for election. Similarly, the promising places in the kingdom nomination were occupied mainly by German Nationalists.
The list union gained 32 seats in the Maiwahl. About one- third of the deputies were NSDAP members: Hans Dietrich, Gottfried Feder, Wilhelm Frick, Emil Gansser, Hans Jacob, Christian Mergenthaler, Ernst Röhm, Fritz Tittmann and Theodor Vahlen. The Nazi Hermann Kriebel sat in prison and took his seat never true; Paul Rahl a Nazi Party membership is not known for sure. Erich Ludendorff was not associated with any of the two parties. During the second term of two MPs German Socialist Party came to NF, Frederick Stock and Hans Kurth.
The journalist Konrad Heiden counted many of the deputies to the "old racial > Hiking scholars ' club and Meier [n ] ". The Social Democrat Paul Levi saw the Nationalists a "movement of the lower classes ," headed by a " troop of bankrupt generals " stand. A social profile of NSFP deputies come to different results: Almost half of MPs had a university degree. A disproportionate number of MPs were party officials and civil servants, as workers, entrepreneurs, merchants and craftsmen were not or hardly represented. However, could be seen as " social losers " nearly one- third of the deputies because they were attributable to the allegedly low-paid managerial staff of a political movement with the time only a few chances of success, according to the historian Martin Döring.
Attempt a nationalist party collection
Immediately after the election announced DVFP NSDAP and that the common fraction is to bear the name of National Socialist Freedom Party. In the party leadership dominated the German Nationalists, with Graefe faction leaders and Reventlow was his deputy. The ambitions of Ludendorff and the German Nationalists went far beyond a fraction Community and aimed at the creation of an ethnic collective Party: A late May - ostensibly in the name of Hitler - published Resolution adopted by the Group was " a merger command to the Nationalists outside of the Reichstag " the same. This came to the protest Rosenbergs. From the perspective of the Nazis was a purely bourgeois party competition in the making, which offered little room for their own radicalism. From the early summer of 1924, Hitler expressed as a radical opponent of any parliamentary activity.
During a nationalist meeting in Weimar on 16 and 17 August 1924, Hitler was tried unsuccessfully by telegram, Gregor Strasser from a participation in the NSFP leadership dissuade. Final organizational decisions have been moved to Weimar. The meeting went back to an initiative of Ludendorff, who wanted to position itself as a leader of the merger. After the conference the tensions between German Nationalists and National Socialists grew in the fraction. Ludendorff was able to of its intended leadership role not do justice to the tensions and led to "working in secret forces " back. Individual MPs he accused of being members of a Druidic Order - allegations which reduced his reputation in the fraction further. From the end of August Ludendorff stayed away from the Reichstag.
End of October 1924, the merger of DFVP and NSDAP formally under the name National Socialist Freedom Movement ( NSFB or NF ) has been implemented. Background was the upcoming election of the Reichstag, which - as a call to Ludendorff, Graefe and Strasser - creating pressure for commonality. The NSFB The Völkische block in Bavaria joined as a national association. In leading National Socialists call came mostly on rejection; Hitler gave the NSFB a rejection. North German Nazis and the GVG called for a boycott of the elections.
On 14 February 1925, the NSFB solved effectively on again by Ludendorff, Graefe and Strasser laid down their leadership. Hitler was released from prison on 20 December and reached in negotiations with the Prime Minister of Bavaria Heinrich Held a re-authorization of the Nazi Party, which was founded again on 27 February. On February 16, leaders of the DVFP had founded the Deutschvolkische Freedom Movement ( DVFB ).
Reichstag elections of December 1924
In the general election on 7 December, the NSFB scored only 14 mandates. Compared to Maiwahl the economic situation had stabilized; also lacked the propagandistic effect of the Hitler putsch and the trial of the coup leaders. Nine deputies were the DVFP, attributed to four of the NSDAP. Added to this was Ludendorff. Different attitudes to the presidential election in March 1925 led organizational separation of the two parties in the Reichstag: The NSDAP nominated Ludendorff; the DVFB supported Karl Jarre.
When the deputy George Best May 1925 left the DNVP Group, was again the opportunity to form a group, for which 15 MPs were necessary. Best joined as a guest of the Nationalist Association incurred in June, which was considered by the National Socialists as a " marriage of convenience". In February 1927, the deputies Kube, Reventlow and Stöhr the DVFB left after intra-party disputes. Reventlow and Stöhr immediately joined the NSDAP, the more so as the deputies belonged DVFB. Demands of the Nazi party to give her guidance and chairmanship of the Nationalist Association, were rejected by the DVFB. The group broke up in March 1927, the emergence of the Nazi party members. At the end of the legislative period, the non-attached Members as members of the NSDAP ( Dietrich, spring, Frick, Kube, Reventlow, Stöhr, Strasser ) or as members of the " Nationalist Association ( Völkisch - national block )" ( Graefe, Henning, Ramin, Schröder, were Weidenhöfer ) out. Seiffert and Best belonged to the People's Party of Right; Ludendorff was no party.
List of NF- Reichstag deputies
In the following list any previous or subsequent mandates of other fractions are not considered.
- Georg Ahlemann (2nd Term)
- George Best (3rd term, guest )
- Heinrich Flower (2nd Term)
- Arno Chwatal (2nd Term)
- Hans Dietrich (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Karl Horst Drive (2nd Term)
- Gottfried Feder (2nd and 3rd Term)
- August stain (2nd Term)
- Wilhelm Frick (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Theodor Fritsch (2nd Term)
- Emil Gansser (2nd Term)
- Wilhelm Henning (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Hans von Heydebreck (2nd Term)
- Hans Jacob (2nd Term)
- Hermann Kriebel (2nd Term)
- Wilhelm Kube (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Hans Kurth (2nd Term)
- Erich Ludendorff (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Christian Mergenthaler (2nd Term)
- Paul Rahl (2nd Term)
- Jürgen von Ramin (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Ernst zu Reventlow (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Christian Roth (2nd Term)
- Hanns Ruckdäschel (2nd Term)
- Ernst Röhm (2nd Term)
- Konrad Schliephacke (2nd Term)
- Paul Schroeder (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Paul Seiffert (3rd Term)
- Hans Stelter (2nd Term)
- Gregor Strasser (3rd Term)
- Friedrich floor ( 2nd Term)
- Franz Stöhr (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Fritz Tittmann (2nd Term)
- Theodor Vahlen (2nd Term)
- Georg Weidenhöfer (2nd and 3rd Term)
- Reinhold Smudge (2nd Term)