Newly industrialized country

A developing country is a country that is traditionally counted nor to the developing countries, but no longer has its typical characteristics. Therefore, such a country is conceptually separate from the developing countries.

The English term Newly Industrializing Economies emerged in the 1970s and originally referred to the Asian tigers. Occasionally, such a country is referred to as " take-off country", as it has overcome the typical structural features of a developing country and is about to stand out from this group.

An emerging market is at the beginning or at an advanced process of industrialization measured in economic development indicators. At this stage, a developing country with a far-reaching restructuring of the economy is characterized structures, which leads from agriculture to industrialization. Emerging markets are generally characterized by a strong contrast between rich and poor. Differences between conservative forces and parties that want to achieve modernization, often lead to tensions.

Although in German-speaking countries often see the words " industrial state " and " emerging country " are used, their economic structures long ago about the dominance of industrial production have been transferred to the service sectors. Since this also for some " emerging markets " is true, they are correctly referred to as important Industrialized and developing economies ( important industrialized and developing economies ) in the official English language.

The social development indicators ( literacy rate, infant mortality, life expectancy, development of civil society ), as well as environmental protection lagging behind economic progress often.

Features

A developing country may generally have the following achievements:

• Achieve above-average growth rates that exceed the growth rates of the OECD countries in some cases.
• They develop the breadth and depth structure of the manufacturing industry to the production of capital goods and provide targeted investments in physical and social infrastructure, especially in the formation of human capital, the precondition for developmental leaps.
• Comparable labor productivity with the OECD countries at significantly lower wages.
• Take advantage of niches in the world market and rely on the export of finished goods.
• The average per capita income is about $ 699 per year.

The example of the state of Singapore ( surrounded by emerging countries ) can illustrate typical properties of emerging countries. Singapore attracts major long-term investments such as Chemical plants or refineries, because he has more than money, land and tax rebates to offer: Skilled workers, policy predictability, security, intellectual property protection, little corruption and a high quality of life. All this leaves to be desired in emerging markets left. As a source of tension and problems considered strong population growth.

Many emerging market currencies are characterized by high inflation and strong rate fluctuations against major world currencies.

List of countries

• Founding states
• Accession countries

From various institutions (eg World Bank, OECD, IMF, EC) were created in recent decades lists with emerging markets. A binding list of emerging countries do not exist, their number varies depending on the list 10-30 A binding translation into the English language, there are not; There are several English words that can be translated as ' emerging economy ' ( emerging nation, newly industrial ising country, threshold country, emerging market ).

Generally valid, measurable and accepted standards exist. The World Bank categorizes 46 countries as ' emerging markets ' ( Upper -middle - income economies ), including South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, Malaysia, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) categorized 150 countries as ' emerging markets ' (emerging and developing economies ), including South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, Pakistan, the People's Republic of China, India, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Ethiopia, Hungary, Poland, Sudan, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey.

The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development ( BMZ) and the European Union undertook jointly attempt to enforce social and political indicators for the determination of emerging countries. The test was rejected at the international level. Then, the BMZ pulled his 30 Emerging comprehensive list that also includes Ecuador and Nicaragua contained, inter alia, back again.

The G -20 call themselves "important Industrialized and developing economies ", that is " important industrialized and developing economies". Member States are: the USA, Japan, Germany, China, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, Brazil, Russia, India, South Korea, Australia, Mexico, Turkey, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Argentina and the European Union.

The OECD ( Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) has 34 member states (as of December 2013): Australia, Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, South Korea, Czech Republic, Turkey, Hungary, United States and United Kingdom. ( With Russia were opened accession negotiations ). The OECD calls on all its member states ' industrial nation '.

Emerging Markets

Economists ( BWLer and VWLer ) and investors describe emerging as ' emerging markets '. Sometimes it is used is a whole economy meant (or even the whole of the economies of all developing countries ); sometimes only 'Land XY as a market '; sometimes the stock markets of a country; sometimes other parts of the economy meant.