Nikolai Kardashev

Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev (Russian Николай Семёнович Кардашёв; born April 25, 1932) is a Russian astrophysicist and head of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

Kardashev graduated in 1955 at the Moscow State University, continued his studies at Iosif Shklovsky at the Sternberg Institute for Astronomy and received his PhD in 1962.

1963 examined Kardashev the quasar CTA 102 and thus led the first efforts of the former Soviet Union in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence by. In the course of this work, he dealt with the theoretical possibility that extraterrestrial civilizations that might be ahead on the earth, millions or billions of years. He drew attention to the Kardashev scale to classify such civilizations. These efforts by Russia to detect extraterrestrial intelligence, found a few years ago instead of the efforts of the United States. Other Russian researchers in this field were Vsevolod Troitsky and Iosif Shklovsky, the former professor Kardaschows.

Kardashev was posted on December 12, 1976 Associate Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of General Physics and Astronomy. On March 21, 1994, he was elevated to full member.