Nikolai Kischner

Nikolai Matveyitch Kischner (Russian Николай Матвеевич Кижнер, scientific transliteration Nikolaj Matveevič Kizner, English transcription: .. Nikolai Kishner; * 27 Novemberjul / December 9 1867greg in Moscow, † November 28, 1935 ) was a Russian chemist. His name is associated particularly with the Wolff -Kishner reaction.

Life

Nikolai Matveyitch Kischner was born in Moscow. After graduating from the 1st Moscow High School, he began his studies at the scientific department of the physico- mathematical faculty of Moscow University. From the 3rd year of study Kischner which specialized in organic chemistry and has been, among others, Vladimir Fedorovich Luginin ( 1834-1911 ) and Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov ( 1838-1904 ) taught. Kischner examined here, inter alia, the heat capacity of organic acids and their anhydrides with a Eiskalorimeters. At the request Markownikows Kischner remained after his graduation in 1890 at the University, where he became a lecturer after three years. During this time, taught at the University Kischner students in the subjects of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In addition, he assisted as a laboratory assistant in the lectures Markownikows. In 1895 defended his master's thesis Kischner (equivalent to the Western Ph.D. ) on " amines and hydrazines of Polymethylenreihe, methods of their production and conversion " (Russian " Амины и гидразины полиметиленового ряда, методы их образования и превращения " ) to the University of Saint Petersburg. In the following years Kischner continued working as a lecturer of Organic Chemistry in Moscow where he also chemistry and electrical engineering at the Military School Alexander II taught. 1900 Kischner defended his doctoral dissertation " On the influence of silver and hydroxylamide on bromamines. About the construction of cyclohexane. " (Russian " О действии окиси серебра и гидроксиламина на бромамины. О строении гексагидробензола " ) at the University of Moscow. Among the scientific achievements, which yielded Kischner in Moscow include the synthesis of cyclohexane from benzene, as well as the detailed characterization of amines and hydrazines of Polymethylenreihe.

In 1901 Kischner was appointed professor of organic chemistry at the Tomsk Polytechnic University. In Tomsk Kischner were asked the financial resources available to set up his own laboratory according to their own ideas. Among his scientific achievements in Tomsk included the initial preparation of cyclobutanone in 1905, as well as the work on the later named after him, Wolff -Kishner reaction. The scientific work at the University was from the year 1902 by a serious illness - a gangrene in the limbs - more difficult. The disease eventually led to Kischner underwent surgery several times over the years and finally gave up as an invalid in 1913 his service to the university.

Kischner returned to Moscow, where his health improved. In 1914 he moved to the - only a short time existing - Moscow City People's University. From 1918 he was Scientific Director of the Central Laboratory of the National Trust of aniline dyes industry ( Aniltresta ). Kischner was given the task to develop the Soviet paint industry here. In the following years developed Kischner methods for obtaining organic dyes from aniline. 1924 Kischner corresponding member and in 1934 an honorary member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1935, the central laboratory moved to and became part of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Kischner died the same year in Moscow.

Honors

Kischner was honored by the Russian Physico- Chemical Society in 1893 with the little Butlerov Prize and in 1914 the Grand Butlerov Prize.