Nursing theory

Nursing science is the scientific name of the framework for application-oriented disciplines ( practice fields ) of the Health and health, child health, nursing and medical care education. Nursing science is associated with the social sciences and covers the areas of nursing theory and nursing research. Related disciplines of nursing science, the medicine, health science, sociology, psychology, biology, philosophy and history.

Spectrum

The holistic image of man is based on the spectrum of nursing science. The view and the experience of the well-kept person plays an important role. Central training topics are accordingly:

  • Experience and behavior of nurses and care recipients,
  • The interaction between caregivers and care recipients,
  • The effect of organizational, social and ethical factors on care.
  • The effectiveness of nursing interventions on the social, emotional and physical aspects of the patient or resident;
  • The quality, quality management, and the methods of evaluation.

In contrast to early care science, especially the (meta- ) dominated theoretical debate about basic concepts, issues of nursing practice are increasingly relevant and research results should react on this. Nursing practice and nursing science are thus two mutually influential areas of care (nursing care practice = Nursing Science ). In particular, the review of the effectiveness of care measures and concepts is the focus and to help directly improve the quality of care.

History

First nursing science orientations can already be found in the 20th century. Thus, the English nurse Florence Nightingale, who is considered the pioneer of modern nursing, statistical methods for the collection and analysis of health data used.

The roots of modern nursing science are, however, in the U.S. space: The first course is already dated there to 1907. After the end of World War II made ​​in the USA to the saga of the Russell Foundation supported and brought out by Esther Lucille Brown Study Nurses for the future for new impetus by reported on the lack of nursing care in the U.S. and specifically to refer the training the universities demanded. Accordingly, first nursing educational and pflegemanagerielle courses emerged. Clearly time offset then formed originally nursing science degree programs, created research institutes and relevant journals. Opened in 1952, Hildegard Peplau the scientific discourse on nursing theories and models of care.

From the U.S. starting the Akademisierungs movement arrived at a different rate in Europe: Heidelberg 1946 discussions already started to set up a nursing degree program at the University of Heidelberg. This led in 1953 to the founding of the nursing school at the University of Heidelberg. The desire for an academic education, but failed due to resistance of the sister organizations. In the GDR existed first care-related courses at the Humboldt University in Berlin and Halle / Wittenberg as early as the '60s, albeit with a stronger pedagogical- didactic or medical - scientific character. In Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries were started relatively early with the construction of nursing degree programs.

Such as the occupation of the Chair "Care and Social Sciences" at the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück by Ruth Schrock in 1987 there were no other - From the second half of the 1980s, care-related courses, particularly in conjunction with other departments also emerged in the Federal Republic of Germany. ways, it was customary at the time that the lecturers a nursing science occupied conclusion from the U.S. or UK or other scientific disciplines came from ( eg sociology, psychology, education ). This situation has - despite now more diverse educational and promotional opportunities - even today has not changed much.

In the same period, institutions that are committed to promoting nursing science and research prescribed originated outside colleges and universities. Mention should be only the product obtained from a foundation Agnes Karll Institute of Nursing Research of the DBfK. In 1991, the Institute is one of the first research projects in the core area of nursing was able to conclude: The nursing process using the example of Apoplexiekranken - A study on the acquisition and development of holistic rehabilitative process care that promoted over a period of three years by the Federal Ministry of Health and under the supervision was performed by Monika Krohwinkel.

In 1988 the magazine care from the Huber Verlag ( Bern ) for the first time a German-language Wissenschaftsperiodikum for care.

On 27 October 1999, the academic degree of Doctor of Nursing Science (Doctor rerum curae, Dr. rer. Cur. ) Was presented to the Medical Faculty Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin for the first time in Germany.

Main tasks in the German speaking

The ever widening age pyramid leads to an increased demand for care services in any cost ownership and insurance for each form ( by Social Code Book V, etc.). So far, the demand for nursing services is almost covered, including through activities of nurses of various European and Asian nationalities. The input from stakeholders ( professional associations, professional associations, political parties, trade unions, etc. ) have been achieved so far and move any fundamental changes every approach that could shake the acquis. Nursing science of politics must therefore provide new methods for economically affordable provision of these services.

Volume growth of nursing services must be accompanied by an increase in the quality of performance. At the core of many systematic and methodical problems are unsolved for example with regard

  • The attractiveness of the job descriptions and the promotion of motivation among economic barriers
  • The differentiation of the training programs, recruitment for various requirements
  • The opportunities of the information society adapted concepts of self- control
  • The effectiveness of control measures to increase the efficiency
  • Of medical quality in the daily routine
  • The appropriate outcome for carers

To promote young talent of scientific activity are various ways in recent years at various universities have been created on a doctorate in preparation, such as at the University of Witten / Herdecke, or at the Humboldt University in Berlin and most recently at the Philosophical - Theological College Vallendar. The career opportunities for graduates nursing science courses are limited quantitatively: Firstly, many chairs with scientists from neighboring disciplines continue to be composed, on the other hand do structural and financial barriers of higher education options for action excessively.

Nursing research institutes in the German-speaking

  • German Institute for Applied Nursing Research, Cologne
  • Institute for Applied Nursing Research, University of Bremen
  • Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel
  • Department of Nursing Science, University of Witten / Herdecke
  • Institute for Nursing and Health Science, Martin- Luther -University Halle -Wittenberg
  • Institute for Medizin-/Pflegepädagogik and Nursing Science, Charité - University Medicine Berlin
  • Institute of Nursing Science, Private University UMIT, Hall in Tirol
  • Institute of Nursing Science, University of Vienna
  • Institute of Nursing knowledge shank, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg
  • Bielefeld University, Faculty of Health Sciences
  • University of Osnabrück, Department of Nursing Science
  • Centre for Research and Consultancy ( ZePB ), Bremen
  • Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz
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