Oddiyana
Oddiyana (Skt. Oddiyana; Tib Ugyen, .. Wyl u rgyan ) - is in accordance with the Hevajra Tantra a twenty-four holy places ( chen nyer Wyl. gnas bzhi ). Oddiyana plays a key role in Buddhism, particularly from the perspective of Tibetan Buddhism. It is due to traditions assumed that Oddiyana are the birthplace of Vajrayana and Dzogchen, it is also said that it is the country in which Garab Dorje have, Vairotsana, Padmasambhava, Tilopa and many others the traditions of Dzogchen received. Buddhist scriptures describe Oddiyana as a beautiful green and fertile kingdom that inhabited by friendly people wearing white clothes and very have great appreciation and respect for wisdom and study. It is surrounded by high mountains and in the broad valleys were white stupas and golden temples roofs. It seemed like a paradise on earth and became " The Royal Garden " called (Skt. udyana ). Oddiyana was also known as the "Paradise of the Dakinis " known as the have the wisdom and sprirituellen realization gave for the sisterhood and priestesses. These priestesses were not nuns and lived in sanctuaries or forest chapels.
History
According to the traditions of the Vajrayana teachings, it was King Dza, from the Kingdom of Zahor who should have received the first in a mysterious way, the Tantras by the fact that they have landed on the roof of his palace. It is believed that King Dza is another name for King Indrabhuti of Oddiyana. If this is the case, then the Tantras from Oddiyana have spread. The first human Dzogchen master Garab Dorje was born near the lake Kutra in Oddiyana. His student Manjushrimitra, was Indian, and received the teachings in Bodh Gaya and became the subsequent lineage holder, Shri Singha, came out of the Central Asian Kingdom of Khotan but it was in Oddiyana, near the Dhanakosha lake when he has passed the line at Vairotsana. Padmasambhava, the Vajrayana and Dzogchen introduced in Tibet, was born in a mysterious way in Dhanakosha lake and grew up with the King of Oddiyana. Many of the Dzogchen texts that were translated during the early period of the tradition in the Tibetan language ( Nyingma History ), translated from the language Oddiyanas.
Place
The most Tibetan texts explain that Oddiyana was a kingdom that west or north-west of India was. Many Western scholars have identified it in today's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan Swat Valley. Patrul Rinpoche made in his book The Words of My Perfect One teacher ( Tib. Kunzang Lamé Shyalung ) a more precise indication of where Oddiyana has found, as he describes that Garab Dorje's birthplace near the lake Kutra in the region Dhanakosha is. Dhanakosha means ' treasure of wealth '. This corresponds to a region between Chitral, Gilgit and Swat. John Reynolds suggests that "perhaps uddiyana is Actually a name of a geographical area much resist than the Swat Valley alone, one embracing parts of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and even Western Tibet ( Zhang Zhung ). " Professor Lokesh Chandra has argued that to Oddiyana has been in South India.