Old Turkic language

Formerly spoken in

-

-

Otk

The old Turkish language (also Orkhon runic or Turkish) is the earliest attested Turkic writing. It was spoken by the Köktürken approximately from 7th to 13th century AD. Old Turkish is closely related to the extinct also Tschagataischen.

The Old Turkish name must not be interpreted in terms of a direct predecessor of today's Turkish form. The Old Turkic is an early form of Uighur or southeastern Turkic, while Turkish belongs to the Oghuz group of Turkic - or southwest. For the classification see the article Turkic languages ​​.

Swell

The sources of the Old Turkic be divided into three corpora:

  • 7th to 10th century Orkhon inscriptions in Mongolia and the Yenisey basin ( Orkhon Turkish or real Old Turkish )
  • 9th to 13th century: Uighur manuscripts from Xinjiang ( Altuigurisch ) in various writings, including the Orkhon script and Brahmi script, the Manichean, Syriac and Uyghur alphabets, the religious (Buddhist and Manichaean ), legal, literary, folkloric and astrological material and personal correspondence include.
  • 11th century: Qarakhanid manuscripts, mostly in Arabic script ( Qarakhanid Turkish). The Qarakhanid corpus contains a poem in over 6,500 verses ( in double verses from pairs rhyming half- verses ), Qutaδγu bilig ( " Auspicious Wisdom "), an Arabic- Turkish dictionary and Al- Kāschgharīs " Compendium of the Turkish Dialects ". It is also classified under Turkish means.

Phonology

The Old Turkic has nine different vowels: a, e, ė, i, ī, o, ö, u, ü, which differ only in the first syllable of a word, elsewhere there are only four classes: a, e, ï, i

The consonant system distinguishes voiceless, voiced ( with fricative variants) and nasal:

  • Labial p, v ( β ), m;
  • Dental: t, d ( δ ), n;
  • Palatal: č, y ń;
  • Velar k (q, χ ), g ( γ ) ŋ;
  • Sibilant: s, š, z;
  • Liquid: r, l
Language family Buddhism Fricative consonant Labial consonant Dental consonant Palatal consonant Velar consonant Liquid consonant
52250
de