Osip Mandelstam

Osip Mandelstam Emiljewitsch (Russian Осип Эмильевич Мандельштам, scientific transliteration Osip Ėmil'evič Mandel'shtam; * 3.jul / January 15 1891greg in Warsaw. . † December 27, 1938 in Vladivostok in a Soviet camp ) was a Russian poet. In addition to Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilev, he was the the most vocal advocate of Acmeism.

Life

Osip Mandelstam was born in 1891 as the son of a Jewish leather merchant in Warsaw. In his childhood, his family moved to Pavlovsk and later to St. Petersburg, where Mandelstam at the renowned Tenischew High School received a broad liberal arts education. With 16 years Mandelstam learned on a trip to Paris, where he attended lectures at the Sorbonne, Nikolai Gumilev know. In the same year he was also a guest student at the University of Heidelberg, heard in sporadic visits home in Petersburg lectures in literature and poetry.

Influenced by the idea of symbolism, Mandelstam published in 1910 his first poems in the magazine Apollon ( Аполлон ) and began in 1911 at the St. Petersburg University his literary research studies. He was a member of the literary group of Nikolai Gumilev and next to Akmeisten poems has also published essays on literary themes.

His first book of poems published in 1913, the stone ( Камень ) Mandelstam made ​​known in the literary world. Even the title of the book of poems had programmatic attention to Mandelstam's understanding of poetry: The close connection between matter and mind. The Russian word for " stone " ( came ) stands for the matter, but also forms a near - anagram of the Greek akme, the basic concept of Acmeism. In these pre-revolutionary years, Mandelstam also met Marina Tsvetaeva and Maximilian Voloshin.

The period after the October Revolution was a restless time for Mandelstam. Restless and in " internal exile ", he lived with his wife Nadezhda, which he had known since 1919 and 1922 married, alternately in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tiflis, always without much tangible basis. Nevertheless, the 1920s were filled for him with his work. Collections of poetry as Tristia (1922 ), The second book ( Вторая книга, 1923), poems ( Стихотворения, 1928) show his poetic versatility. Collections of essays such as On Poetry (1928 ) show his talent as an outstanding literary theorist and critic. His prose noise of the time ( Шум времени, 1925) reflects his feeling of alienation in the Soviet system. Nevertheless, could - in contrast to Akhmatova and other poets - appear in the 20s his books yet, allegedly due to the intercession of Nikolai Bukharin, the chairman of the Comintern and chief editor of Izvestia.

In the 1930s, the time of the purges under Stalin and the open repression against the poet began. Only his translations of French, German and English prose kept him materially and spiritually alive. Thanks Bukharin's protection he was allowed to travel to Armenia in 1930, from where he brought a wealth of inspiration and ideas, resulting in the fall of 1933 The trip to Armenia was established, which was published in the journal Zvezda 1934. These texts and a poem beginning with the survivors, we no longer feel the ground ( Мы живем, под собою не чуя страны ... ) by the fall of 1934, the above clearly refers to Stalin and his terror, carried out in May to Mandelstam's first arrest. In the poem reads:

A harsh judgment Mandelstam escaped after a suicide attempt; he was initially, and later deported Voronezh only after Tscherdyn, where he spent three years. To this first arrest entwine legends that Stalin phoned Mandelstam's friend and colleague Pasternak in person to talk about Mandelstam's fate. In Voronezh Mandelstam worked for newspapers and magazines. His last poems The Voronezh Notebooks originated here His translator ( into German) Ralph Dutli wrote in 1996 (p. 382 ): The Voronezh Notebooks provide the keystone (...) his work dar. (...) The Voronezh Notebooks are sum and legacy. Assembly of your own creation as it nourishing European culture.. When he was arrested again on 2 May 1938 he was sentenced to five years in the camps for counter-revolutionary activities and sent to a labor camp near Vladivostok. On December 27, 1938, he died (according to Ralph Dutli; Zurich 1996), half-starved, heart sick and tormented by hallucinations in the sick bay of a transition camp ( Wtoraja Retschka ) and was buried in a mass grave.

Nadezhda Mandelstam and friends of the poet preserved many of the poems (some by memorizing the texts not written down ) and allowed their publication in the 60s.

Works

  • Poems. Tr: Paul Celan. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1959
  • The Egyptian Stamp. T: Gisela Drohla. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M 1965
  • Horseshoe page. Ed Fritz Mierau. Philipp Reclam, Leipzig 1975
  • The trip to Armenia. Tr: Ralph Dutli. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M 1983
  • Black Earth. Poems from the Voronezh notebooks. T: R. Dutli. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M 1984
  • Conversation about Dante. T: Norbert Randow. Gustav Kiepenheuer, Leipzig / Weimar 1984
  • Conversation about Dante. T: W. Beilenhoff, G. Leupold. Henssel, Berlin 1984
  • Letters from Voronezh. T: Peter Urban. Friedensau Press, Berlin 1985
  • Tristia. Poems. Ed F. Mierau. Folk and World, Berlin 1985
  • The noise of the time. Autobiographical Prose of the '20s. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1985
  • Midnight in Moscow. The Moscow Notebooks: Poems 1930-1934. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1986
  • The stone. Early Poems 1908-1915. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1988
  • In the air grave. A reading book, with contributions from Paul Celan, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Philippe Jaccottet, Joseph Brodsky. Eds R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1988
  • About the interlocutor. Essays I: 1913-1924. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1991
  • Conversation about Dante. Essays II: 1925-1935. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1991
  • Tristia. Poems 1916-1925. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1993
  • Armenia, Armenia! Prose, notebook, poems from 1930 to 1933. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1994
  • The Voronezh Notebooks. Last Poems 1935-1937. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1996
  • You are my Moscow and my Rome and my little David. Collected Letters 1907-1938. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 1999
  • The two trams. Children and humorous poems, epigrams on his contemporaries 1911-1937. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 2000
  • The complete works in 10 volumes. Hg / t: R. Dutli. Ammann, Zurich 2001
Russian literature Acmeist poetry Korney Chukovsky Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg Peter Urban (translator) Integrated Authority File
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