OtogizÅshi
The Otogizōshi (Japanese御 伽 草 子, literally " talking book ", " Convivial books" ) is Japanese folk tales of the Muromachi period, which are consistently delivers anonymous and safe dating. They are usually batrachtet as a transition from the older to the Monogatari Kanazōshi the Edo period. This early genre of popular literature is characterized by its rich topic with a variety of motives that originate particularly from the oral storytelling tradition.
Survey
In a narrower sense, the term refers to a collection of Otogizōshi total of 23 stories in the Kyoho era ( 1716-1736 ) from the publisher Shibukawa Seiemon (渋 川 清 右卫门) in Osaka under the title " Otogibunko " were issued. In 1801 it was Ozaki Masayoshi, who first used the term Otogizōshi for said collection in his annotated bibliography " Gunsho ichiran " (群 书 一 覧). In 1891 this collection of history booklets then appeared also under the name Otogizōshi in Shibukawa. The publisher had provided in the introductory words, the output exclusively for female reading audience, so the genre was unjustified moved to the vicinity of the tale and the shallow entertainment.
In a broader sense Otogizōshi referred approximately 500 short stories, whose formation extends in time from the courtly literature of the Kamakura period to the early Edo period. The author [note 1] and the exact time of origin are not usually known. Classification experiments based on formal criteria have to see the Otogizōshi both as Chusei SHOSETSU (中 世 小说), so as medieval novelistic narrative literature, as well as a form of Setsuwa. Chigusa argues, however, etymologically and out of the narrative tradition that it constitutes Folksy stories that have been submitted or read for the purpose of socializing. This tends to also the root word togi (伽) with the connotation society bars. Historically, institutionalized this function was in the Otogi Shuu (御 伽 众, companion of a Daimyo ) in the Muromachi period. Although there is no tangible evidence that the publisher, and the name first used in the 18th century, was familiar with this medieval practice, nor that this genre has already been referred to earlier as Otogizōshi, as is the link to the tradition of oral storytelling, which continued to exist alongside the literary, literature historically plausible. In this regard, the Otogizōshi are close to the imaged Nara ehon (奈良 絵 本).
Another etymological explanation relates the word element togi to the term toki (解き, enlighten, brighten ). Toki turn is the declaration after set in relation ships bound for a state priest who traveled in the late Heian period as etoki Hōshi (絵 解(き)法师, images explainer ) the country to tell stories through video rolling. A prominent example are the Nuns of Kumano (熊 野 比丘尼, Kumano bikuni ). Storyteller as the goze and Zato, blind nuns respectively monks had generally low social stand apart from the court and nobility was illiteracy of social standard. Was the more important the function of the storyteller, however, disappeared with the Muromachi period. But it is without doubt due to the storytellers that until then the court monopolized literature into more of a folk literature. The Otogizōshi is an expression of literary-historical change.
Mark
Formally, Otogizōshi characterized by a relative small amount of text on average 20 to 40 pages. The event- the action is more important than the content, detailed description of places or psychological states. Text insets as: " All who hear this story," indicate that the presentation of the story was also their central purpose. At the same time this is also a clear difference to the narrative form of the Monogatari, which tells ganzheitlichr and show more detail and whose circumference is therefore also significantly greater. The fact that the main characters come from all walks of life, the Otogizōshi moves closer to the Setsuwa literature as to the Monogatari.
The representation of events in Otogizōshi is also organized dialogue. Events are sensation like exaggerated to achieve a narrative climax with dramatic effect. Stereotypes and repeated words make the story erinnerbar and give it a rhythm. The change from five and seven Moren example is also used in yokyoku (謡 曲, Noh chant ).
Molding
Ichiko Teiji divided the forms of Otogizōshi based on the social background of the main character as follows in six major and 23 sub-groups. [Note 2]