Otto Staudinger

Otto Staudinger ( born 2 May 1830 in Great Wüstenfelde at Teterow, Mecklenburg -Schwerin, † October 13, 1900 in Lucerne ) was a German lepidopterist ( butterfly watchers ) and insect dealer.

Life

Staudinger paternal came from a Bavarian family. His grandfather Lucas Andreas Staudinger was born in Ansbach and came at the end of the 18th century to Holstein, where Staudinger's father, Johann Diederich Andreas Staudinger ( 1797-1851 ), was born in the United Flottbeck. His mother, Adolfine Staudinger (born Schroeder ) ( 1794-1876 ), was born in Mecklenburg, and Putzar on the estate of Count Schwerin. When Otto Staudinger was born in 1830, was his father, who had learned agriculture at the Johann Heinrich von Thünen, tenants of the manor large Wüstenfelde. The local tutor Wagner collected beetles and led the boy at the age of six or seven years in the Entomology one. In the summer of 1843, his father purchased the manor Lübsee at Güstrow where Otto, now began to collect butterflies under the guidance of a tutor Hermann. He attended in October 1845, Friedrich -Franz -Gymnasium ( Parchim ) and put in the summer of 1849 the Abitur.

In October 1849 he began in Berlin with the study of medicine, but changed under the impact of Zoology lectures by the lecturer described as very stimulating Dr. Stein in the second half to the natural sciences. From June 1850 to the autumn of 1851 he undertook entomological excursions and on the very first founded the discovery of a series of newly emerged Synanthedon tipuliformis on the Stralauer cemetery his penchant for Clearwing ( Sesiidae ). He joined especially the students Theodor Johannes Krüper (later director of the Natural History Museum in Athens ) and Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstäcker (later professor in Greifswald ) and was with the Berlin entomologists of the time known, especially with Grabow, Simon, Scherffling, Libbach, glass burner, Skirmish, Streckfuß, Walther, the brothers Kricheldorff, Ribbe and Kalisch. Collections were mainly the Grunewald, the Virgin Heide ( which at that time seemed Staurophora Celsia ), the Wuhlheide, the limestone mountains in Strausberg and the lonely house set deep in the forest place Finkenkrug.

In the fall of 1851 seems to be ill Staudinger ( the biographical sources say nothing about the nature of the disease ), because it was recommended to him a recreation trip " after a long illness ." So he spent mid-May to mid- August 1852 on Lake Geneva and the Mont Blanc region, then wandered over the Simplon Pass to Genoa, and from there the end of August - always on foot - the Riviera along to Nice, Marseille and Montpellier, where he remained until the end of November remained and contacts to French collectors (probably stave Germain, Guinard ) tied. After a visit home, he traveled in January 1853 to Paris to perfect his French and to learn Italian and English. Easter 1853 he continued his studies in Berlin again and collected with Kalisch, Ribbe and the two Kricheldorffs intensive Clearwing ( Sesiidae ). In mid-March 1854, he was with the work of De Sesiis agro Berolinensis Dr. phil. doctorate.

From April 1st to October 1854 took Staudinger, with recommendations by Alexander von Humboldt, a trip to Sardinia with the aim hospiton the caterpillar of Papilio to discover what finally succeeded after many failed attempts. In 1855 he collected in the Alps ( Carinthia, Grossglockner area ). In April 1856 he joined with C. Kalisch to a collecting trip to Iceland. In the fall of 1856 he became engaged to the daughter of entomologists Grabow; the marriage took place on 21 January 1857. That same evening, the couple traveled via Paris, Lyon, Marseille - where both learned Spanish within ten days - Barcelona, Valencia and Almeria to Malaga, where they were staying for a month. They then spent nine months in Granada, where they lived at the Alhambra and give them a daughter was born on November 2. In mid-December, they traveled via Malaga to Chiclana de la Frontera in Cadiz, spent the first half of 1858 and returned in July this year back to Berlin. Because of the cost of these trips Staudinger began initially with the assistance of his father, the yields to sell and so came by and by an extensive kind of action. From the beginning of 1859 Staudinger lived in Dresden, where in the same year the son Paul was born. In Dresden Staudinger Built in 1864, the Diana bath, a versatile plant with tubs, steam and Irish- Roman Baths, which inspired him since he had a bad cold, learn their salutary effect even on the trip. Easter 1874 was a move from the confinement of the town homes in the Villa Diana in bubble joke. 1879 joined Andreas Bang -Haas ( 1846-1925 ) as an employee in the company has a married daughter and Staudinger 1880 1884 or 1887 co-owner. 1884 had to move the institute, built specifically for this purpose larger villa Sphinx; after another 10 years had grown a two-story wing. Since the mid- 1880s, Staudinger put the company's management more and more in Bang -Haas ' hands and focused now completely on the taxonomic work. Otto Staudinger died on October 13, 1900 on a vacation trip in Lucerne. He was buried in St. John's Cemetery in Dresden.

Other major collecting trips

Work and impact

A most valuable and most durable of Staudinger's achievements was the publication of three catalogs of the butterfly fauna of Europe and eventually the entire Palearctic. They were adopted by the Lepidopterologen immediately used as the basis faunal processing and also suggested a number of systematic- taxonomic oriented investigations. In 1861 published Staudinger, together with Max Ferdinand Wocke a catalog of the Lepidoptera of Europe and adjacent countries in which he worked on the so-called Great butterflies and Wocke the so-called small butterflies. Further dissemination found the bilingual German - French edition of 1871 (Catalog of the Lepidoptera of the European Faunengebiets ) in the same author formation. A standard work was together with Hans Rebel edited and published by this 1901 catalog of the Lepidoptera of palaearctischen Faunengebietes.

Not to be underestimated is the effect that played Staudinger as the initiator of entomological and general natural history research on many continents. He bought not only yields from the eastern Palearctic and from many tropical zones, and edited them taxonomically, but he also sent specifically collector in entomological still little known or completely unexplored areas:

  • Amur - Ussuri region and (Vladivostok, Suifun, Sutschan, Askold Island: F. Dorries & brothers, 1877-1898, Jablonovoi Mountains [" Apple Mountain " ], 1896),
  • NO- Siberia ( on Vitim: O. Heart, 1888),
  • Tarbagatai ( at Saisan: J. Haberhauer, 1877),
  • Altai ( at Ongadai, Bashkam, chuya Valley: HJ Elwes and Borezowsky, 1898),
  • Mongolia ( Uliassutai: H. leather collecting Kozak, 1893; Kenteigebirge: F. Dorries, 1889, 1893; around Urga: J. Haberhauer, 1895; Changai: H. Leder, 1899),
  • Tibet ( between Lob- nor and Kuku -nor, E. Rückbeil for R. Tancre, 1893-1893 )
  • Chinese Turkestan ( in Korla: J. Haberhauer, 1897),
  • Eastern Tian Shan ( Chamyl include: J. Haberhauer, 1896),
  • Tian -Shan ( between Issyk-Kul and Kuldja: E. Rückbeil, 1895? )
  • Asia Minor ( Mardin, Gaziantep, Merzifon, Malatya, Hadjin, Kayseri, Tokat, Antakya, Marash include: J. Manisadjian, 1875-1897 )
  • Taurus ( at Zeitun: Haradjian, 1897),
  • Syria (F. Zach )
  • Palestine ( Bacher, 1896-1899; J. Paul, 1890-1898 )
  • Sierra Leone and Cameroon ( Dr. Preuss, 1866 et seq ),
  • Indoaustralischer Archipelago ( Waigeu, Moluccas [ Ambon, Batjan, Ceram, Halmahera ], Celebes [ Minahassa ], Sangir, Philippines [ Jolo, Eastern Mindanao, Mindoro ], Timor, Palawan, Sarawak: Dr. KK Platen, 1880-1895 )
  • Ceylon, Penang, Borneo (Brunei, Labuan, Kinabalu ) ( J. Waterstradt, 1888-1904 )
  • Panama and Chiriqui (H. Ribbe, 1878),
  • Amazon ( Dr. Hahnel, 1879-1884, 1885-1887, and later there also O. Michael and the brothers Garlepp, the latter also in Peru and Bolivia),
  • Peru ( Chanchamayo: F. Thamm to 1870-1873 ).

In this way it was possible Staudinger, create Faunenlisten entire regions, of which only the lepidopteran fauna of Asia Minor (1881 ), The Macrolepidoptera the Amur region (1892 ) and the Lepidoptera of Kentei Mountains (1892 ) may be mentioned.

The taxonomic processing of these yields was Staudinger's actual life's work. Hundreds, if not thousands of new taxa, especially from the families of so-called Macrolepidoptera, he described over the years. The scientifically important documents, in particular the types of new species, arrived in Staudinger's private collection. An (incomplete ) bibliography Staudinger listed 137 publications on Lepidoptera (Anonymous 1901). Many taxa are named after Staudinger.

In the zoological literature his name is often abbreviated to " STGR. ".

The company " Staudinger & Bang -Haas " was continued by Staudinger death of Andreas Bang -Haas. From 1913, his son Otto Bang -Haas ( 1882-1948 ) was the sole owner. He led the company until his death, after which it was dissolved on September 30, 1948.

Collection whereabouts

Staudinger's private collection of the types of taxa described by him was in 1907, his collection of Palaearctic Microlepidoptera and caterpillars Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera 1937 at the Zoological Museum of the Humboldt University in Berlin. The company's collection of Palaearctic Lepidoptera was acquired by Otto Bang -Haas ' death of H. Kotzsch and arrived in 1961 at the Museum of Zoology Dresden.

Works (selection)

  • Staudinger, O. & Wocke, MF (1861 ): Catalog of the Lepidoptera of Europe and neighboring countries. - Dresden ( Staudinger & Burdach ). XVI 192 pp.
  • Staudinger, O. & Wocke, MF (1871 ): Catalog of the Lepidoptera of the European Faunengebiets. - Dresden ( Burdach ). 2nd edition (XVI - XXXVII, 1-200, 347-382, 415-424 ).
  • Staudinger, O. ( 1871): Contribution to the lepidopteran fauna of Greece. - Horae societatis entomologicae rossicae, 7: 3-304, pl 3
  • Staudinger, O. (1878-1881): lepidopteran fauna of Asia Minor `s - Horae societas entomologicae rossicae, 14: 129-329 (1878), Plate 1-2; 321-482 (1879 ), Plate 3-4. Supplements 16: 65-135 (1881 ).
  • Staudinger, O. & Schatz, E. ( ed.) ( 1884-1888 ): Exotic butterflies. Two volumes. - Fürth ( Löwensohn ). 2 2 333 pp., 100 colored Plates, II 284 pp., 50 pl
  • Staudinger, O. (1886-1887): Central Asian Lepidoptera. - Szczecin entomological newspaper, 47193-215, 225-256 (1886 ); 48: 49-102 (1887 ).
  • Staudinger, O. (1892 ): The Macrolepidoptera the Amur region. Part I.. - Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères, 6: 83-658, Plates 4-14.
  • Staudinger, O. ( 1892): Lepidoptera of Kentei Mountains. - German Entomological Journal Iris, 5: 300-393, Plate 3
  • Staudinger, O. ( 1894): Hochandine Lepidoptera. - German Entomological Journal Iris, 7: 43-100, 2 pl
  • Staudinger, O. ( 1898): Lepidoptera of the apple Mountains. - German Entomological Journal Iris, 10: 320-344.
  • Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. ( 1901): Catalog of the Lepidoptera of palaearctischen Faunengebietes. Part I.: Famil. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. - Berlin ( Friedlander & Sohn ). Xxxii 411 pp., 1 pl

Biographical sources

  • Anonymus [" p " ] (1901 ): Dr. Otto Staudinger †. - German entomological journal Iris, 13: 341-358.
  • Anonymus (1894 ): The Nestor of German entomologist, Dr. Otto Staudinger. - Entomological yearbooks, 3: 265-268.
  • Draeseke, J. (1962 ): The company Dr. O. Staudinger & A. Bang -Haas. - Entomological News, 6: 49-53.
  • Seebold, TLF (1901-1902): Notice nécrologique sur le Dr. Otto Staudinger. - Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 70: 6-7.
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