Palatine German language

Spoken in

• Indo-European Germanic West Germanic high German Central German West Middle German Rhine Franconian Pfälzisch

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Acc

Pfl

Palatine ( pfälz. Pälzisch ) is a collective term for the dialects of the Rhine Franconian dialect groups Westpfälzisch and Vorderpfälzisch. It belongs to West Central German, Franconian dialect area.

• 3.1 Verbal System
• 3.2 Nominal System
• 3.3 relative clause
• 3.4 pronouns
• 3.5 Article and grammatical gender

Linguistic geography

From the neighboring dialects Pfälzisch can be defined using the following isoglosses (see Rhine subjects):

• From the Moselle Franconian by the dat / the line ( Sankt Goar line).
• By the Hessian by the fescht / solid line
• From southFrankish and East Franconian by the appel / apple - line ( Speyer line) or the pund / pound line ( Germersheim line)
• From Lorraine by the hus / house - line

The transitions between the dialects are fluid and there is also within the Palatine characteristic differences, especially between the front and West Palatine. In these two dialects but you can draw a relatively clear dividing line along the border of the districts Kaiserslautern and Bad Durkheim. As with all dialects, each place has its own dialect tradition. So there are characteristic Lautungen that are impossible to find in a village, but already in the neighboring town.

For Palatine language area include primarily the dialects of the former government district, in Rhineland -Palatinate. Added to the west adjacent Saar Pfalz-Kreis with the exception of some dialects in the southern part, which have Lorraine features, and large parts of the rest of the Saarland, the right of the Rhine Palatinate in Baden- Württemberg ( Kurpfälzisch ), the extreme north of Alsace ( the most southern place Selz (Alsace ) ), adjacent to the parts of the Palatinate Hunsrück, the Wonnegau, as well as the largest part of the Odenwald and the mountain road region in Hesse. Thus, the Palatine language area extends beyond the borders of the Palatinate addition; However, the languages ​​spoken in the Palatinate dialects, the southeast of the appel / apple - line or pund / pound line will be counted ( municipality Hagenbach ) for southFrankish.

The gebroch - gebroche - line divides the Palatine in Westpfälzisch and Vorderpfälzisch. In West Palatine the past participle has in strong verbs not ending ( gebroch, gesung, kumm ), in front Palatine it ends in- e ( broche g (e ), g ( e) sunge, Kumme ).

During the waves of emigration from Europe to North America emigrated from the mid-18th to the mid 19th century, especially many Palatines. They used their imported dialect partially over ten generations, alongside English. In Pennsylvania, the dialect held at the Mennonite and Amish even as the dominant language. Hundreds of thousands of Americans and Canadians still speak this dialect, which is very similar to the recent Palatine and the user name itself, " Deitsch ". In English it is called Pennsylvania German is, but usually incorrectly called Pennsylvania Dutch. Those emigrants whose means are insufficient to continue your journey, settled on the Lower Rhine, therefore there exist a few Palatinate language islands.

The language geography of the left bank of the Rhine Palatinate is described in Mittelrheinische Linguistic Atlas.

Phonetics

In the Palatine High German sound shift was, as with all central German dialects, not fully implemented; characteristic of the obtained p- Lautungen are in initial position, as in the famous saying: "In de Palz is de Parr (r ) with de Peiffer in the Ker ( s ) ch. "

Other peculiarities of the Palatine:

Consonants

• Tendency for voicing in plosives; at home and initial sound: / t / → [ d]; medially: / p; k / → [ b; g]
• 't' in the initial sound is the 'd' until relatively young from the High German words borrowed Door → DIIR, Deer
• Right → driven disch
• But tea, terrorist, tube → Tuub

• Rhotacism ( especially in older speakers and / or with increasing proximity to the Saar-Palatinate ), for example Guude → / gu ː rə /
• Lambdazismus: in parts of the Palatinate, the Nordwestpfalz and in isolated villages in the Saar- Palatinate and front ( for example Altrip ), for example, Wedderburn → Weller
• Replacing d by a [ ð ] in some villages in the Vorderpfalz. This phenomenon is as good as gone, which will be replaced by the younger generation by d, r, l, or even j sound.

• → terribly forschbar / furschbar / furchbar
• You bisch ( d)

• Lifted → Kowe (Des 've isch Kowe "I have lifted " ), belongs → Keerd ( Hoschd the ned kerd? "Have you not heard? " ) in dialect translation, the standard language graphy is gh - used to facilitate reading ( ghowe, gheerd ).
• Retain → palde (Des Konscht palde "You can keep " )

Vowels

• In standard German, the Middle High German vowels / diphthongs ei [ eɪ ] and î [i ː ] to the diphthong ei [ aɪ ] have collapsed, while these are distinguished in the Palatinate. The Middle High German ei corresponds to the Palatine ä ( aa Kurpfälzisch / åå, Saarpfälzisch ai ): stone, soap, dress → Schdää, Sääf, Klääd. The Middle High German î corresponds to the Palatine ai / oi: wine, thine, be → Woi, doi, soi.

• It's the same with the High German au collapsed Middle High German ou and û. The Middle High German ou place in Palatine aa its counterpart ( in the southern Palatinate and parts of Nordwestpfalz ee ): Eye, dust, smoke → Aag, Schdaab, Raach. The Middle High German û as spoken in the high German as au.
• Elongation and opening before r, especially in the West Palatine, for example, [e ː ] → [ ɛ ː ] ( Earth → [ ɛ ː ɐ̯d ] ), [ ʊ ] → [ ɔ ] ( thirst → [ dɔɐ̯ʃd ] ).
• The short in the German high o before nasals is to u: Sunn "sun" ( MHG sunne ), vun "from" Unggel "uncle", Kumme "come".
• Slurring of - it in final position to [ ɐ ] or [ a] common in far stronger shape than in the High German vernacular.
• Not everywhere, but for example in front Palatine nasalization land, for example → [ lɑnd / lɔnd ] ( like described as "country" ).
• In the southern Palatinate partially diphthongisation, for example high → grouß and vowel shifts, for example Fraa → Free.

In Palatine, there are also the sounds ö, ü, and eu / AEU not, this phenomenon is called unrounding. Instead, these sounds as 'e', 'i' and ' i' spoken. Examples:

• Furniture → Meebel / Meewel
• Greater greeßer →
• Spoon → Lewwel / Leffel
• Hill → Hischel / Hiechel / Hiwwel
• Tired → miid
• Housing → Haiser

Final sounds also accounts often, but the plural is usually still distinguishable from the singular:

• Dog, dog → dog, Hunn ( Westpfalz )
• Pan, pans → Pann / Pann, glitch / glitch
• Lamp, Lamps → Lamb, Lambe
• Monkey, monkeys → Aff, monkey

The same also happens for intermediate sounds:

• Have → hann ( Westpfalz ) / hawwe, hänn ( Vorderpfalz )
• → Wear draa ( s) ( West Pfalz) / draache ( draa'e ) ( Vorderpfalz )

Grammar

The grammar is distinguished from the High German (as in other dialects ) by a strong reduction in the nominal and verbal system of.

Verbal system

The Palatine knows only four times: present, perfect and past perfect and the simple, ie composite future. The imperfect is gone except for a few remaining forms for the auxiliary verbs and is replaced by the perfect tense. There is only one with the auxiliary verb " werre " ( be ) composite Futurzeit. A futurity is usually expressed by the present tense with an appropriate context. Untimed futurity is expressed by said Futur. The pluperfect is rare.

Conjugation of "to have":

Konjugationsbeispiel (weak verb "go " ( go ), Westpfälzisch / Vorderpfälzisch ):

As you can see, all three plural forms are in the regular conjugation same, not only the first and third person as in High German.

The participle is often strongly formed as in High German, eg gesass instead of " sitting " or gestock " stuck " place, but intends " thought " instead, gewisst instead of " know ".

: For the subjunctive modes, with the exception of the subjunctive II with some auxiliary and modal verbs are missing

In other verbs the auxiliary verb is modified, is none before, " dun " is turned on:

Nominal system

A genitive is unknown; it is replaced by auxiliary constructions with the aid of the dative. example:

(West) Pfälzisch: " Em Shepherd Gertrud was Unggel is'm Wewer Harald was Kolleech. " (Front ) Pfälzisch: " De unsolved vun de Gertrude Shepherd is'm Harald Wewer soin Kolleech " or " De shepherd Gertrud IHRN unsolved is ' m Wewers Harald soin Kolleech. "

Relative clause

Instead of the relative pronouns who, which (in the sense of who, what, which ) is the Palatine "where" or " wu " used.

Example: "Do you Kennscht the, wu front laaft do? " ( Do you know the running over there? )

Pronouns

The personal pronouns are different from the standard German. Importantly, the difference between stressed and unstressed pronouns is ( genitive omitted Westpfälzisch ):

Weighted:

Unstressed:

Example of unstressed pronouns:

• If you mean → when ( de ) meensch (t )
• If he thinks → when a Meent
• If you mean when a → Meenen
• If they mean when → se Meenen

The "they" is the Palatine in stressed position strange, in this position replaces both as a female 3rd person singular as well as 3rd person plural, and is " the ". In unstressed position is " them " against " se ". Female persons are basically neutral, especially in the West Palatine. From " the " is usually "it."

Article and grammatical gender

As is common throughout southern Germany, people are always named using the article, and are generally preceded by surname. So has the high German sentence " Peter Meier goes to miller " on Pfälzisch read: " De Meier Peder 's going to / goes at Millers ".

The Palatine has three genders ( definite article: de, the, it ). The indefinite article "e" [ ə ] is equal to the West Palatine for all three genders, in front Palatine Articles "en" ( masculine ) and "e " / " enni " exist ( feminine, unstressed / stressed ). Female persons (with the exception of the front Palatine ) usually neuter and not feminine (as in Moselle Franconian, in Ripuarian and parts of Hesse )

Girls / women are:

• ( in West Palatine ) neuter: always original, if the first name stands alone; in little girls and young women; if it is an acquaintance; when a relationship is expressed as a possession ratio ( "em Oddo his" )
• Feminine: if the person is referred to indirectly, gender or ending it require ( " the Müllersch ", " em Oddo was Freindin "); if one has the feeling that the neutral form is not appropriate (the " Elfriede "); if it is a remote- standing and / or prominent person, especially from the non- Palatine language area ( then also the foreign preceded by the first name is used: " Uschi Glas" instead of " it glass Uschi " )

Also on the West Palatinate emancipation has not gone unscathed. Scientists have observed increasingly, especially in urban areas (Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens ) the use of " the " instead of " it " in front of female first name.

This requires a bit of flair, because the use of " the " with no first name has a derogatory appeal and is in the rich palette Westpfälzischer always insults instead of " it " is used. As a result, the value-neutral creeps increasingly foreign word "they" in the parlance.

Vocabulary

The vocabulary is described in the Palatine Palatine dictionary. In the vocabulary to find (especially in the elderly population ) some words from the French as the ' Lawabo ' for wash bowls (of lavabo ), the ' Bottschamber ' (of pot de chambre = chamber pot ) or the ' Hussjeh ' (of huissier = bailiff ) or from Yiddish as ' Kazuff ' butchers' or ' Zores ' for dispute. These loanwords can be attributed to the geographical location of the Palatinate between diverse regions and in particular the proximity to France and the repeated French occupation or annexation. This speaks well for the highly assimilative power of the region and their dialect.

Characteristic are also the Palatine phrases " Ah jo " high German " yes, of course " (eg: " Ah jo, nadierlich tringge ma still en Schobbe ") and " Alla hopp " / " Alla guud " high German " well then " (Ex. : " Alla hop, Enner goes. "). Similar phrases were the Eifel " since jeeh " or the Baden " Ha noi".

Sociology of Language

Because of the rural structure of the distribution area of ​​dialect is strongly rooted in the population. Even in business, administration and politics dialect is spoken. Especially in the western and southern Palatinate region is Palatine, contrary to the instructions unofficial language of instruction in many schools. Also in court proceedings (eg official court Pirmasens ) Pfälzisch is still used.

Many Western Palatinate children speak Primary Age High German and change in puberty, presumably by group dynamics, to dialect. The high-level language was especially true earlier than the language of the educated and specially -based high German speakers was sometimes skeptical encounters ( "You haltscht disch probably fa something better ?"). Due to the increasing social mobility these reservations have now faded away. In addition to the dialect learn by the increasing mobility many Palatines today the high-level language. However, the debate is often not aktzentfrei what former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl is a well known example.

Palatine seal

There are a variety of Palatine Poetry and prose poetry. This has traditionally been driven primarily by popular "home poets " of whom enjoyed a number of great popularity. Since the Palatine lacks many elements that are essential for a written language, the results are, in retrospect, sometimes by involuntary humorous quality, especially when the cumbersome handling of the vernacular also a cliched choice of topics from the " Weck, Worscht un Woi "comes from.

At the annual Bockenheimer dialect poetry competition and the three other major competitions in Dannstadt, Gonbach and Wallhalben / Herschberg it can be stated, however, that reform efforts have borne fruit in the Palatinate dialect poetry. The modern dialect poetry brings forth increased poems of high literary level, and partly avant-garde design. In addition, there are approaches to modern dialect dramas, as in the section " staged performance ", the dialect competition Dannstadter height was included in the program for several years from 2001.

Dialect literature is historical genesis folk and regional poetry with the main genres poem Schwank and oral narrative. The dialect as pure speech also lack the means to verschriftlichen for example, complicated time positions in a satisfactory manner. Attempts to draft a long prose forms such as novels in the Palatine dialect has given it, if none of them have also gained significant recognition. Also other long forms are rare. It outweigh anthologies contemplative and / or humorous content.

Franz von Hess Peter (1803-1882), the grand old man, born in Munich, coming from a family of painters Mannheim of the Palatinate dialect poetry has that problem to write in the vernacular, expressed in a verse about the " Pälzer Sprooch " as:

The best known work of the Palatinate dialect literature is probably Paul Munch (1879-1951) " The Pälzisch world historians " (1909 ), formally somewhere between humorous poetry book and epic poem. The quite ironic representation of the Palatine as the crown of creation and the Palatinate center of the world in style and content has dominated the lion's share of all subsequent vernacular literature to date. Among the contemporary writers who use the dialect as a means of expression for challenging literary texts, are born in Mannheim Arno Rein Frank (1934-2001), Michael Bauer, Albert H. Keil (both born 1947 ), Walter Landin (* 1952 ) and Bruno Hain ( * 1954). They have, inter alia, attempted to make the period of National Socialism also Palatinate texts comprehensible and to connect, for example, with the laying of stumbling blocks. The Bosener group, named after its founding and gathering Bosen in the northeastern Saarland, has set itself the goal to promote the vernacular literature of the Rhine and Moselle Franconian language area.

Samples

The Lord's Prayer

Südpfälzisch (example):

Westpfälzisch (example):

Westpfälzisch (Zweibrücken ) and similar sounding Saarpfälzisch ( Homburg and vicinity)

Vorderpfälzisch (example):

It should be noted that " name " is not genuinely Palatine word and the last syllable therefore exceptionally not abrade. " Done " has "passed" no direct realization, that is why the inscription with the front and West Palatine. The same applies in the West Palatinate for the word " guilty ", which is why it was replaced by the above expression. "But " is very uncommon in the Palatinate slang, usually the term with "but" ( " awwer " ) is circumscribed.