Paradrina clavipalpis

Hay storage bump ( Paradrina clavipalpis )

The hay storage bump ( Paradrina clavipalpis ) is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of cutworms ( Noctuidae ). It is a kind of preferred the anthropogenic habitats and therefore relatively common in the settlement area or in the cultural landscape.

Features

Imago

The moths have a wingspan of 21-32 millimeters. In temperate climates the spring generation is usually slightly larger than the following ( n ) generation (s). The base color is beige. However, they vary in the distribution area of dark beige to light beige, in North Africa with a tinge of orange. The submarginale shadow is usually present, but not always marked clearly. The Saumflecke are colored triangular and brown. They are extending over the entire outer edge. The subterminal transverse line is gone rust colored brown to the inner edge and set with arrow marks. The outer transverse line is usually interrupted and dark, slightly marked the center shadow. The dark inner transverse line, however, is clearly visible in some specimens, the basal transverse line in turn is only hinted at. The ring and kidney blemishes are filled dark. The kidneys blemish is often edged with white dots that can be partially linked. The ring stain is usually significantly less educated than the kidney blemish. Three black spots on the front or Costalrand are always formed significantly. Frequently in the area of the root field a fourth Costalfleck is available. The front wings are relatively narrow.

The hind wings of the males are bright white and slightly translucent. In females, the veins are lightly dusted brownish, dusted the edge blackish.

The antennae of the males are ciliate relatively short. The antennae of the females, however, are filiform.

Egg

The egg is hemispherical and initially light yellow. It has on its outside longitudinal strips 35, each of which extends to the third Mikropylzone. The horizontal stripes are formed relatively strong. Shortly before hatching the egg in the upper third is reddish ( with white spots ).

Caterpillar

The color of the bead varies from greenish brown to reddish gray on the sides it is dark gray. The topline is usually indistinct, pronounced more clearly only the first segments. It is bright, edged slightly darker. The side ridge lines and the side lines are dark and are interrupted at the segment boundaries. The head is relatively small and brown. The pronotum is also brown, the black spiracles.

Doll

The pupa is reddish brown. It has the cremaster four long and curved bristles.

Way of life

Due to the wide distribution across different climate zones, the development is very different. In the Mediterranean area (and probably in the subtropical zones in the eastern area of ​​distribution ) flies the way throughout the year in several generations. In Central Europe, two generations are usually trained, culminate their flight maxima around June, and then again in August and September. Due to their strong binding to anthropogenic biotopes moths are found also in Central Europe from about March to November. Often these moths in the house, stables and farm buildings were found. The name " huisuil " ( Hauseule ) in the Netherlands for example, plays it on. In unfavorable climatic regions and at high altitudes only one generation is formed. The species prefers dry, but also warm, open habitats such as embankments, poor grass and Wiesensäume. You so very much tied to the cultural landscape. The eggs are apparently like to put in a haystack, haystacks and barns to relatively fresh desiccated or dried plant material. The caterpillars of the second generation taking place in the autumn in reeling back where they pupate but only in the spring.

Little is known about the food plants of the caterpillar. Presumably it feeds polyphagous of different plants. Are called chickweed ( Stellaria ), dandelion (Taraxacum ), Bellflower (Campanula ), Plantain ( Plantago ) and deadnettles ( Lamium ). However, you obviously prefers dry plant residues. It is therefore often found in barns or Heumieten where fresh hay was stored. This explains the findings of moths outside the actual flight hours in Central Europe. In Tunisia, the caterpillars have been found in birds' nests, were woven into the dry leaves of acacia. From Denmark has become known that some caterpillars masse in fresh thatched roofs (mainly Phragmites and Secale - straws ) developed. Therefore, the type benefited greatly from the habitats offered by the people. This also explains their wide distribution.

The moths fly at night mainly; but occasionally a day. They are often encountered in the settlement area, especially where there are barn, stables and barns. The moth has been observed so far only for Buddleia ( Buddleja davidi ). However, they can also be baited and come out at night to light.

Occurrence and distribution

The hay storage bump is spread throughout Europe. In the north, the range extends to beyond the Arctic Circle. They only lack the extreme north of Europe. The species occurs also in North Africa, the Middle East, on the northern Arabian Peninsula, in Central Asia to northern India. In the east, the distribution area to the western provinces of China and Mongolia last. The occurrence of on-Amur is, however, drawn by Fibiger & Hacker in doubt. The North Indian populations but are regarded as a separate subspecies ( Paradrina clavipalpis harappa ). Smaller deposits with their own sub-species is also in Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands. In Central Europe the species occurs from sea level to about 1000 m above sea level before; in the Alps, it rises to about 2000 m.

System

We distinguish several sub- types:

• Paradrina clavipalpis harappa Hacker, 2004 ( North India, Pakistan )
• Paradrina clavipalpis Teide volans Pinker, 1974 ( Tenerife )
• Paradrina clavipalpis pinkeri Kobes, 1975 ( Madeira)
• Paradrina clavipalpis fogoensis ( Traub & Bauer ), 1983 (Cape Verde )

The formerly separated as subspecies mauretanica Draudt 1934 population in North Africa was recently reunited with the Nominatunterart.

Endangering

The species is considered in the literature sometimes as migrant moths or at least as a wandering suspicious. This type has certainly a good diffusivity, but many remote resources are rather due to the preference of anthropogenic biotopes (and over). The species was formerly often called very often. Your stocks have declined but by changing economic forms. In Baden- Württemberg it is therefore a kind of early warning.