Parasteatoda tepidariorum
Greenhouse spider ( Parasteatoda tepidariorum ) ( female with cocoon )
The greenhouse spider ( Parasteatoda tepidariorum; synonym Achaearanea tepidariorum ) is a spider of the family of cobweb or ball spiders ( Theridiidae ). She is one of the greatest representatives of the family in Central Europe. The species probably comes originally from the tropics of South America and has established itself as a cultural follower now worldwide.
Description
Males reach a body length of 3.5 to 4 mm, female 4.5 to 7 mm. As with all members of the genus, the opisthosoma is higher than long. The coloration is very variable. The prosoma is gray, brown or black, and a yellow form occurs. The base color of the opisthosoma is accordingly gray, brown, black or yellow and shows a white, very irregular spot drawing. The legs are curled dark.
Distribution and habitat
The original home of the species is unclear, it probably comes from the tropics of South America, where a number of similar species occurs. Today, the species is widespread synanthropic world.
The species occurs in temperate latitudes, especially in frost-free areas such as greenhouses and cellars, but also under bridges or in home runs. In Central Europe the species is, however, detected in heat- favored regions, increasingly, in the wild, according to the type Platen settled here also treetops. Apparently, she has also adapted to a colder climate in the context of its global distribution.
Way of life
In and around buildings greenhouse spider builds its networks usually near the ground. From quite large, loosely woven fishing net pulling individual threads down that are provided only in the lower area with Klebtropfen. The gray- brown, very firm and slightly pear -shaped cocoon is hung and guarded the net. Can per season, the greenhouse spider in nature, depending on the food supply, produce 1-5 cocoons ( average of 3 ). The young spiders hatch in about 11 days.
Endangering
The species is widespread and common in suitable habitats. It is classified as " safely " in Germany in the Red List.